Abstract The primary purposes of lighting remain visibility and safety, but our quality of life can be improved by creating a complete visual environment that includes needs like health and communication. Therefore, it is indispensable to go past rigid, planar lighting towards flexible lighting. This also implies the use of inexpensive application techniques qualified for continuous manufacturing like printing techniques. Suited to fulfil these lighting needs are the alternating current powder electroluminescent (ACPEL) device, the organic light emitting diode (OLED) and the light emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) thanks to thin flexible and printable layers. ACPEL devices can be screen printed establishing economic, simple manufacturing. Their high AC-driving voltage makes them more fitted for non-wearable applications. Well-matched for wearable lighting are OLEDs thanks to low DC-driving voltages. The high sensitivity to oxygen and water of the OLED materials however necessitates a high barrier encapsulation. Unlike OLEDs, LECs realize a balanced charge injection using mobile ions in their active layer broadening the choice in electrodes, but the improvement in lifetime is limited because of incomplete knowledge of the working mechanisms. This review gives an overview of these devices and their working principles, materials, deposition techniques, applications, state of the art and an outlook.

中文翻译：

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柔性发光器件的印刷：不同技术和器件、印刷技术和最先进的应用以及未来前景的回顾

摘要 照明的主要目的仍然是可见性和安全性，但可以通过创建一个包括健康和交流等需求的完整视觉环境来提高我们的生活质量。因此，从刚性的平面照明转向柔性照明是必不可少的。这也意味着使用适合连续制造的廉价应用技术，如印刷技术。适合满足这些照明需求的是交流粉末电致发光 (ACPEL) 设备、有机发光二极管 (OLED) 和发光电化学电池 (LEC)，这要归功于薄的柔性和可印刷层。ACPEL 设备可以丝网印刷，建立经济、简单的制造。它们的高交流驱动电压使它们更适合非穿戴式应用。由于直流驱动电压低，OLED 非常适合可穿戴照明。然而，OLED 材料对氧气和水的高度敏感性需要高阻隔封装。与 OLED 不同，LEC 在其活性层中使用移动离子实现了平衡的电荷注入，从而拓宽了电极的选择范围，但由于对工作机制的了解不完整，因此寿命的提高是有限的。本综述概述了这些设备及其工作原理、材料、沉积技术、应用、最新技术和前景。LEC 在其活性层中使用移动离子实现了平衡的电荷注入，从而拓宽了电极的选择范围，但由于对工作机制的了解不完整，寿命的提高是有限的。本综述概述了这些设备及其工作原理、材料、沉积技术、应用、最新技术和前景。LEC 在其活性层中使用移动离子实现了平衡的电荷注入，从而拓宽了电极的选择范围，但由于对工作机制的了解不完整，寿命的提高是有限的。本综述概述了这些设备及其工作原理、材料、沉积技术、应用、最新技术和前景。