In recent years, the research of conjugated polymer-based thermoelectric (TE) materials has experienced exponential growth due to their diverse advantages and promising application potentials in internet-of-things, medical/health monitoring, and flexible and wearable electronics, etc. Oriented microstructure is undoubtedly vital governing polymer macroscopic performances, including mechanical, thermal and TE properties. Regretfully, the corresponding review or summary of the relation between oriented microstructure and TE performance is scarce for conjugated polymers. Here, the recent progress of orienting conjugated polymers in TE applications is reviewed. First, typical methods to achieve the oriented microstructure, including both long-range in-plane orientation and local ordered structure, are introduced. Then, to deepen a fundamental understanding of the relationship between oriented structure and TE performance, the underlying mechanism are discussed by taking insights from charge and phonon transports. Finally, the main challenges and the future prospects are outlooked.

近年来，基于共轭聚合物的热电（TE）材料的研究经历了指数级增长，这是由于它们的优点和在物联网，医疗/健康监测以及柔性和可穿戴电子产品等方面的广阔应用前景。微观结构无疑是决定聚合物宏观性能（包括机械性能，热性能和TE性能）的至关重要的因素。遗憾的是，对于共轭聚合物，取向微结构与TE性能之间关系的相应综述或总结很少。在这里，综述了在TE应用中定向共轭聚合物的最新进展。首先，介绍了实现定向微结构的典型方法，包括长距离面内定向和局部有序结构。然后，为了加深对定向结构和TE性能之间关系的基本理解，通过从电荷和声子传输中获得的见解，讨论了潜在的机制。最后，展望了主要挑战和未来前景。