Abstract Secondary batteries with high energy density, high specific energy and long cycle life have attracted increasing research attention as required for ground and aerial electric vehicles and large-scale stationary energy-storage. Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered as a particularly promising candidate because of their high theoretical performance and low cost of active materials. In spite of the recent progress in both fundamental understanding and developments of electrode and electrolyte materials, the practical use of liquid electrolyte-based Li–S batteries is still hindered by their poor cycling performance and safety concerns. Solid-state Li–S batteries have the potential to overcome these challenges. In this review, the mechanisms of Li ion transport and the basic requirements of solid-state electrolytes are discussed. We focus on recent advances in various solid-state Li–S battery systems, from quasi-solid-state to all-solid-state Li–S batteries. We also describe the remaining challenges and plausible solutions, including improved designs and compositions of electrode materials, solid-state electrolytes and the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Though many fundamental and technological issues still need to be resolved to develop commercially viable technologies, solid-state Li–S batteries offer an attractive opportunity to address the present limitations.

中文翻译：

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固态锂硫电池：进展、挑战和前景

摘要 高能量密度、高比能量和长循环寿命的二次电池由于地面和空中电动汽车以及大规模固定储能的需要而受到越来越多的研究关注。锂硫（Li-S）电池因其高理论性能和低成本活性材料而被认为是特别有前途的候选者。尽管最近在电极和电解质材料的基础理解和发展方面取得了进展，但液态电解质锂硫电池的实际应用仍然受到循环性能和安全问题的阻碍。固态锂硫电池有潜力克服这些挑战。在这篇综述中，讨论了锂离子传输的机制和固态电解质的基本要求。我们专注于各种固态锂硫电池系统的最新进展，从准固态到全固态锂硫电池。我们还描述了剩余的挑战和可行的解决方案，包括电极材料、固态电解质和电极/电解质界面的改进设计和组成。尽管仍有许多基础和技术问题需要解决才能开发出商业上可行的技术，但固态锂硫电池为解决目前的局限性提供了一个有吸引力的机会。固态电解质和电极/电解质界面。尽管仍有许多基础和技术问题需要解决才能开发出商业上可行的技术，但固态锂硫电池为解决目前的局限性提供了一个有吸引力的机会。固态电解质和电极/电解质界面。尽管仍有许多基础和技术问题需要解决才能开发出商业上可行的技术，但固态锂硫电池为解决目前的局限性提供了一个有吸引力的机会。