Produced water discharges from offshore oil and gas platforms represent a significant source of petroleum components such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released to the ocean. High molecular weight PAHs are persistent in the environment and have a potential for bioaccumulation, and the investigation of their fate and uptake pathways in marine life are relevant when assessing environmental risk of produced water discharges. To study the exposure and uptake of 2-5 ring PAHs in early life stages of Atlantic Cod in the North Sea, we run a coupled fate and individual-based numerical model that includes discharges from 26 platforms. We consider 26 different PAH components in produced water which biodegrade with primary degradation rates; intermediate degradation products are not included. Model simulations are run covering multiple years (2009-2012) to study annual exposure variability, while a one-day time slice of spawning products from the peak spawning season are followed. By covering multiple release points and large spatio-temporal scales, we show how individuals can be exposed to produced water from multiple regions in the North Sea. We find that a combination of oceanic fate processes and toxicokinetics lead to markedly different compositions in the predicted internal concentrations of PAHs compared to discharge concentrations; for instance, naphthalene makes up 30% of the total discharged PAHs, but contributes to at most 1% of internal concentrations. In all simulations we find the predicted total internal PAH concentration (26 components) to be below 1.2 nmol/g, a factor of 1000 less than concentrations commonly associated with acute narcotic effects.

从海上石油和天然气平台排出的采出水是释放到海洋的石油成分的重要来源，例如多环芳烃（PAH）。高分子量多环芳烃在环境中具有持久性并具有生物蓄积的潜力，因此在评估所产生的水排放的环境风险时，对它们在海洋生物中的命运和吸收途径的研究至关重要。为了研究北大西洋大西洋鳕鱼早期生命阶段2-5个环PAH的暴露和吸收，我们运行了一个基于命运和个体的耦合数值模型，其中包括来自26个平台的排放量。我们考虑了采出水中的26种不同的PAH成分，这些成分会随着主要降解速率而生物降解。不包括中间降解产物。进行了长达数年（2009-2012年）的模型模拟，以研究年度暴露量的变异性，同时遵循了产卵高峰季节产卵产品的一日时间段。通过涵盖多个释放点和较大的时空尺度，我们展示了个体如何暴露于北海多个区域的采出水。我们发现，与排泄浓度相比，海洋命运过程和毒物动力学的结合导致PAHs预测内部浓度的组成明显不同。例如，萘占排放的多环芳烃总量的30％，但最多占内部浓度的1％。在所有模拟中，我们发现预测的内部PAH总浓度（26种成分）均低于1.2 nmol / g，