More than 10% of the general population regularly experience paranoid thoughts. Persecutory delusions occur in one third of psychiatric patients in the United Kingdom and are associated with severe clinical and social impairment. Furthermore, individuals with elevated vulnerability to paranoia interpret ambiguous environmental information more negatively than those with low vulnerability, a cognitive phenomenon called interpretation bias. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between interpretation bias and paranoia. Twenty studies were included, and our meta-analysis indicated that a negative interpretation bias was associated with paranoia both in clinical (standardized mean difference, or SMD = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.51, 1.52], p < .001) and nonclinical populations (SMD = 1.06; 95% CI = [0.28, 1.85], p = .008). Our results also showed that higher negative interpretation bias was positively correlated with the severity of paranoia, and results were consistent in nonclinical (r = .32; 95% CI = [.21, .43], p < .001) and clinical samples (r = .38; 95% CI = [.27, .48], p < .001). These findings might orient prevention strategies and psychological interventions for paranoia.

中文翻译：

---

偏执狂的解释偏差：系统评价和荟萃分析

超过 10% 的一般人群经常出现偏执的想法。被害妄想发生在英国三分之一的精神病患者中，并与严重的临床和社会障碍有关。此外，偏执狂易感性高的人比易感性低的人更消极地解释模糊的环境信息，这种认知现象称为解释偏差。我们对解释偏差和偏执狂之间的关联进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。纳入了 20 项研究，我们的荟萃分析表明，负面解释偏倚与临床偏执狂相关（标准化平均差，或 SMD = 1.01；95% 置信区间 [CI] = [0.51, 1.52]，p < . 001) 和非临床人群 (SMD = 1.06; 95% CI = [0.28, 1.85]，p = .008）。我们的结果还表明，较高的负面解释偏差与偏执的严重程度呈正相关，非临床样本（r = .32；95% CI = [.21, .43]，p < .001）和临床样本的结果一致（r = .38；95% CI = [.27, .48]，p < .001）。这些发现可能为偏执狂的预防策略和心理干预提供方向。