Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of acute illnesses and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Over the past years several AKI biomarkers for diagnostication, decision-making processes, and prognosistication of AKI and its outcomes have been developed and validated. Among these biomarkers, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), the so-called cell cycle arrest biomarkers, showed a superior profile of accuracy and stability even in patients with substantial comorbidities. Therefore, in 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of the product of TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 ([TIMP-2]x[IGFBP7]), known as cell cycle arrest biomarkers, to aid critical care physicians and nephrologists in the early prediction of AKI in the critical care setting. To date, Nephrocheck® is the only commercially available test for [TIMP-2]x[IGFBP7].

In this narrative review, we describe the growing clinical and investigational momentum of biomarkers, focusing on [TIMP-2]x[IGFBP7], as one of the most promising candidate biomarkers. Additionally, we review the current state of clinical implementation of Nephrocheck®.

急性肾损伤（AKI）是急性疾病的常见并发症，并与发病率和死亡率增加相关。

在过去的几年中，已经开发并验证了几种用于AKI及其结果的诊断，决策过程和预后的AKI生物标志物。在这些生物标志物中，金属蛋白酶2（TIMP-2）和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7（IGFBP7）的组织抑制剂，即所谓的细胞周期阻滞生物标志物，即使在患有以下疾病的患者中也显示出优异的准确性和稳定性。大量合并症。因此，2014年，美国食品药品监督管理局批准使用TIMP-2和IGFBP7（[TIMP-2] x [IGFBP7]）产品（称为细胞周期阻滞生物标志物），以帮助重症监护医生和肾脏病专家重症监护环境中对AKI的早期预测。迄今为止，Nephrocheck®是唯一针对[TIMP-2] x [IGFBP7]的商用测试。

在这篇叙述性综述中，我们描述了生物标志物日益增长的临床和研究动力，重点是[TIMP-2] x [IGFBP7]，它是最有前途的候选生物标志物之一。此外，我们审查了Nephrocheck®的临床实施的当前状态。