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Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with Applications to Monitoring of Underground Transportation Infrastructure
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 , DOI: 10.1177/0361198120963109
Fred Daneshgaran 1 , Antonio Marangi 2 , Nicola Bruno 2 , Fausto Lizzio 2 , Marina Mondin 1 , Khashayar Olia 3
Affiliation  

This paper presents the results of the development, design, and implementation of a visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system for autonomous real-time localization with application to underground transportation infrastructure (UTI) such as tunnels. Localization is achieved in the absence of any global positioning system (GPS) or auxiliary system. The indoor localization system is a necessary element of a fully autonomous platform for the detection of cracks and other anomalies on the interior surfaces of tunnels and other UTI. It can be used for tagging of high-resolution sensor data obtained with low-cost prototype data acquisition platforms previously developed. Visual based SLAM has been used as the core element in an architecture employing a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) ZED stereo camera from Stereolabs. To achieve real-time operation, an NVIDIA Jetson TX2 massively parallel graphics processing unit (GPU) was used as the core computational engine employing two different software libraries. We achieved localization at 5 frames per second (FPS) using ORBSLAM2 open-source software library, and the much lighter, but proprietary, ZED SDK was able to deliver a performance at nearly 60 FPS. To assess the accuracy of the relative localization system, we conducted several tests at 30 FPS and reported on the resulting error variances that were found to be consistently very small. Finally, we conducted several tests in a tunnel in the Los Angeles county area and confirmed the applicability of the method for monitoring UTI.



中文翻译:

可视化同时本地化和映射及其在地下交通基础设施监控中的应用

本文介绍了可视化同时定位和制图(SLAM)系统的开发,设计和实现的结果,该系统用于自主实时定位,并应用于隧道等地下交通基础设施(UTI)。本地化是在没有任何全球定位系统(GPS)或辅助系统的情况下实现的。室内定位系统是用于检测隧道和其他UTI内表面上的裂缝和其他异常现象的全自动平台的必要元素。它可用于标记通过以前开发的低成本原型数据采集平台获得的高分辨率传感器数据。基于视觉的SLAM已被用作采用Stereolabs的商用现货(COTS)ZED立体相机的体系结构中的核心元素。为了实现实时操作,NVIDIA Jetson TX2大规模并行图形处理单元(GPU)被用作采用两个不同软件库的核心计算引擎。我们使用ORBSLAM2开源软件库以每秒5帧(FPS)的速度实现了本地化,而且轻巧但专有的ZED SDK能够以接近60 FPS的速度提供性能。为了评估相对定位系统的准确性,我们以30 FPS的速度进行了几次测试,并报告了由此产生的误差变化,发现误差变化始终很小。最后,我们在洛杉矶县地区的一条隧道中进行了几项测试,并证实了该方法可用于监控UTI。NVIDIA Jetson TX2大规模并行图形处理单元(GPU)被用作采用两个不同软件库的核心计算引擎。我们使用ORBSLAM2开源软件库以每秒5帧(FPS)的速度实现了本地化,而且轻巧但专有的ZED SDK能够以接近60 FPS的速度提供性能。为了评估相对定位系统的准确性,我们以30 FPS的速度进行了几次测试,并报告了由此产生的误差变化,发现误差变化始终很小。最后,我们在洛杉矶县地区的一条隧道中进行了几项测试,并证实了该方法可用于监控UTI。NVIDIA Jetson TX2大规模并行图形处理单元(GPU)被用作采用两个不同软件库的核心计算引擎。我们使用ORBSLAM2开源软件库以每秒5帧(FPS)的速度实现了本地化,而且轻巧但专有的ZED SDK能够以接近60 FPS的速度提供性能。为了评估相对定位系统的准确性,我们以30 FPS的速度进行了几次测试,并报告了由此产生的误差变化,发现误差变化始终很小。最后,我们在洛杉矶县地区的一条隧道中进行了几项测试,并证实了该方法可用于监控UTI。ZED SDK能够以接近60 FPS的速度提供性能。为了评估相对定位系统的准确性,我们以30 FPS的速度进行了几次测试,并报告了由此产生的误差变化,发现误差变化始终很小。最后,我们在洛杉矶县地区的一条隧道中进行了几项测试,并证实了该方法可用于监控UTI。ZED SDK能够以接近60 FPS的速度提供性能。为了评估相对定位系统的准确性,我们以30 FPS的速度进行了几次测试,并报告了由此产生的误差变化,发现误差变化始终很小。最后,我们在洛杉矶县地区的一条隧道中进行了几项测试,并证实了该方法可用于监控UTI。

更新日期:2020-10-29
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