Internet of things have emerged enough due to its applications in a wide range of fields such as governance, industry, healthcare, and smart environments (home, smart, cities, and so on). Internet of things–based networks connect smart devices ubiquitously. In such scenario, the role of wireless sensor networks becomes vital in order to enhance the ubiquity of the Internet of things devices with lower cost and easy deployment. The sensor nodes are limited in terms of energy storage, processing, and data storage capabilities, while their radio frequencies are very sensitive to noise and interference. These factors consequently threaten the energy consumption, lifetime, and throughput of network. One way to cope with energy consumption issue is energy harvesting techniques used in wireless sensor network–based Internet of things. However, some recent studies addressed the problems of clustering and routing in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks which either concentrate on energy efficiency or quality of service. There is a need of an adequate approach that can perform efficiently in terms of energy utilization as well as to ensure the quality of service. In this article, a novel protocol named energy-efficient multi-attribute-based clustering scheme (E2-MACH) is proposed which addresses the energy efficiency and communication reliability. It uses selection criteria of reliable cluster head based on a weighted function defined by multiple attributes such as link statistics, neighborhood density, current residual energy, and the rate of energy harvesting of nodes. The consideration of such parameters in cluster head selection helps to preserve the node’s energy and reduce its consumption by sending data over links possessing better signal-to-noise ratio and hence ensure minimum packet loss. The minimized packet loss ratio contributes toward enhanced network throughput, energy consumption, and lifetime with better service availability for Internet of things applications. A set of experiments using network simulator 2 revealed that our proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy and other recent protocols in terms of first-node death, overall energy consumption, and network throughput.

中文翻译：

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E2-MACH：用于能量收集无线传感器网络的节能多属性聚类方案

物联网因其在治理、工业、医疗保健和智能环境（家庭、智能、城市等）等广泛领域的应用而已经足够多。基于物联网的网络无处不在地连接智能设备。在这种情况下，无线传感器网络的作用变得至关重要，以便以更低的成本和易于部署的方式增强物联网设备的普遍性。传感器节点在能量存储、处理和数据存储能力方面受到限制，而它们的无线电频率对噪声和干扰非常敏感。这些因素因此威胁到网络的能耗、寿命和吞吐量。解决能源消耗问题的一种方法是基于无线传感器网络的物联网中使用的能量收集技术。然而，最近的一些研究解决了能量收集无线传感器网络中的集群和路由问题，这些网络要么专注于能源效率，要么专注于服务质量。需要一种能够在能源利用方面有效执行并确保服务质量的适当方法。在本文中，提出了一种名为节能多属性聚类方案（E2-MACH）的新协议，该协议解决了能源效率和通信可靠性问题。它基于由链路统计、邻域密度、当前剩余能量和节点能量收集率等多个属性定义的加权函数，使用可靠簇头的选择标准。在簇头选择中考虑这些参数有助于通过在具有更好信噪比的链路上发送数据来保存节点的能量并减少其消耗，从而确保最小的数据包丢失。最小的丢包率有助于提高网络吞吐量、能耗和使用寿命，并为物联网应用提供更好的服务可用性。一组使用网络模拟器 2 的实验表明，我们提出的方法在第一个节点死亡、整体能耗和网络吞吐量方面优于最先进的低能耗自适应聚类层次结构和其他最近的协议。最小的丢包率有助于提高网络吞吐量、能耗和使用寿命，并为物联网应用提供更好的服务可用性。使用网络模拟器 2 的一组实验表明，我们提出的方法在第一个节点死亡、整体能耗和网络吞吐量方面优于最先进的低能耗自适应聚类层次结构和其他最新协议。最小的丢包率有助于提高网络吞吐量、能耗和使用寿命，并为物联网应用提供更好的服务可用性。一组使用网络模拟器 2 的实验表明，我们提出的方法在第一个节点死亡、整体能耗和网络吞吐量方面优于最先进的低能耗自适应聚类层次结构和其他最近的协议。