Research provides inconclusive results on whether a social gender transition (e.g. name, pronoun, and clothing changes) benefits transgender children or children with a Gender Dysphoria (GD) diagnosis. This study examined the relationship between social transition status and psychological functioning outcomes in a clinical sample of children with a GD diagnosis. Psychological functioning (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL), the degree of a social transition, general family functioning (GFF), and poor peer relations (PPR) were assessed via parental reports of 54 children (range 5–11 years) from the Hamburg Gender Identity Service (GIS). A multiple linear regression analysis examined the impact of the social transition status on psychological functioning, controlled for gender, age, socioeconomic status (SES), PPR and GFF. Parents reported significantly higher scores for all CBCL scales in comparison to the German age-equivalent norm population. Peer problems and worse family functioning were significantly associated with impaired psychological functioning, whilst the degree of social transition did not significantly predict the outcome. Therefore, claims that gender affirmation through transitioning socially is beneficial for children with GD could not be supported from the present results. Instead, the study highlights the importance of individual social support provided by peers and family, independent of exploring additional possibilities of gender transition during counseling.

中文翻译：

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不是社会过渡状态，而是同伴关系和家庭功能预测德国性别焦虑症儿童临床样本的心理功能

关于社会性别转变（例如姓名、代词和服装变化）是否有益于跨性别儿童或患有性别不安 (GD) 诊断的儿童，研究提供了不确定的结果。本研究在诊断为 GD 的儿童的临床样本中检查了社会转型状态与心理功能结果之间的关系。心理功能（儿童行为检查表；CBCL）、社会过渡程度、一般家庭功能（GFF）和不良同伴关系（PPR）通过汉堡性别的 54 名儿童（范围 5-11 岁）的父母报告进行评估身份服务 (GIS)。多元线性回归分析检查了社会转型状态对心理功能的影响，控制了性别、年龄、社会经济地位 (SES)、PPR 和 GFF。与德国同等年龄的常态人群相比，父母报告的所有 CBCL 量表的分数都显着更高。同伴问题和较差的家庭功能与心理功能受损显着相关，而社会转型的程度并不能显着预测结果。因此，目前的结果不能支持通过社会转变来确认性别对 GD 儿童有益的说法。相反，该研究强调了同伴和家庭提供的个人社会支持的重要性，独立于在咨询期间探索性别转变的其他可能性。同伴问题和较差的家庭功能与心理功能受损显着相关，而社会转型的程度并不能显着预测结果。因此，目前的结果不能支持通过社会转变来确认性别对 GD 儿童有益的说法。相反，该研究强调了同伴和家庭提供的个人社会支持的重要性，独立于在咨询期间探索性别转变的其他可能性。同伴问题和较差的家庭功能与心理功能受损显着相关，而社会转型的程度并不能显着预测结果。因此，目前的结果不能支持通过社会转变来确认性别对 GD 儿童有益的说法。相反，该研究强调了同伴和家庭提供的个人社会支持的重要性，独立于在咨询期间探索性别转变的其他可能性。