微波合成功能形态学变异体和基于碳纳米管的VS <sub>4</sub>复合材料在电化学领域的应用,ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

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微波合成功能形态学变异体和基于碳纳米管的VS ₄复合材料在电化学领域的应用
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 8.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03785
Kenna L. Salvatore ₁ , Sha Tan ₁ , Christopher Tang ₂ , Joceline Gan ₁ , Matthew Licht ₁ , Cheng-Hung Lin ₂ , Xiao Tong ₃ , Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart _{2,

4} , Esther S. Takeuchi _{1,

2,

5} , Kenneth J. Takeuchi _{1,

2} , Amy C. Marschilok _{1,

2,

5} , Stanislaus S. Wong ₁

Affiliation

开发了一种新颖，快捷，高效的微波辅助方法，以合成VS ₄的多种多样的纳米结构基序（从纳米棒到纳米花）以及其相关的复合异质结构VS ₄ /多壁碳纳米管（MWNT;即多壁碳纳米管）。特别是，我们已经探究并关联了许多特定实验变量的影响，这些变量主要包括前体，溶剂，温度和时间。我们注意到，以VO（acac）₂作为钒的前体和n-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮（NMP）作为极性反应溶剂。相比之下，我们确定可以使用Na ₃ VO ₄作为钒的前体和水：极性水，可控制地合成平均直径在100到200 nm之间的分层三维（3D）纳米花状组件。溶剂混合物作为反应介质。我们还观察到VS ₄崩解，当在任一空气，溶液，或这些环境的组合，以及存在建立了VS的程度₄纳米棒分解几乎可以完全被存储在氮气下防止。从应用程序的角度来看，我们的VS ₄具有电化学活性并显示出与文献一致的行为。特别是，与单独的原始VS ₄纳米棒相比，我们观察到电化学活性增强，其中（i）3D分层的花状图案，（ii）独特的项链状VS ₄纳米棒-MWNT复合材料，以及准备的VS ₄纳米棒已退火。此外，我们发现合理地应用了特定的物理和化学处理方法，例如（i）热退火以提高结晶度；（ii）添加MWNT以形成导电复合材料；以及（iii）形态从一种尺寸（1D）纳米棒到更复杂的3D纳米花，就增加的稳定性和可逆性而言，有利于所得的电化学性能。

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Microwave-Based Synthesis of Functional Morphological Variants and Carbon Nanotube-Based Composites of VS4 for Electrochemical Applications

A novel facile, fast, and efficient microwave-assisted method was developed to synthesize a number of diverse nanostructured motifs (ranging from nanorods to nanoflowers) of VS₄ along with its associated composite heterostructures, VS₄/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT; i.e., multi-walled carbon nanotubes). In particular, we have probed and correlated the effects of a number of specific experimental variables, including primarily precursor, solvent, temperature, and time. We noted that nanorods formed more readily with VO(acac)₂ as the vanadium precursor and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a polar reaction solvent. By contrast, we determined that hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) nanoflower-like assemblies, ranging in size from 100 to 200 nm in average diameter, could be controllably synthesized by using Na₃VO₄ as the vanadium precursor and an aqueous water: polar solvent mixture as the reaction medium. We also observed that VS₄ disintegrates, when in the presence of either air, solution, or a combination of these environments, and established that the extent of VS₄ nanorod decomposition could be almost fully prevented by storage under nitrogen. From an application’s perspective, our VS₄ is electrochemically active and shows behavior, consistent with the literature. In particular, as compared with pristine VS₄ nanorods alone, we observed enhanced electrochemical activity with (i) 3D hierarchical flower-like motifs, (ii) unique necklace-like VS₄ nanorod–MWNT composites, and (iii) samples in which as-prepared VS₄ nanorods had been annealed. Moreover, we found that the rational application of specific physical and chemical processing treatments, such as (i) thermal annealing to improve crystallinity, (ii) the addition of MWNTs to form conductive composites, and (iii) the evolution of morphology from one-dimensional (1D) nanorods to more complex 3D nanoflowers, was favorable to the resulting electrochemical performance with respect to increasing stability and reversibility.

更新日期：2020-11-09

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