The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its unprecedented global societal and economic disruptive impact has marked the third zoonotic introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population. Although the previous coronavirus SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV epidemics raised awareness of the need for clinically available therapeutic or preventive interventions, to date, no treatments with proven efficacy are available. The development of effective intervention strategies relies on the knowledge of molecular and cellular mechanisms of coronavirus infections, which highlights the significance of studying virus–host interactions at the molecular level to identify targets for antiviral intervention and to elucidate critical viral and host determinants that are decisive for the development of severe disease. In this Review, we summarize the first discoveries that shape our current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout the intracellular viral life cycle and relate that to our knowledge of coronavirus biology. The elucidation of similarities and differences between SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses will support future preparedness and strategies to combat coronavirus infections.

SARS-CoV-2 大流行及其对全球社会和经济造成的前所未有的破坏性影响，标志着高致病性冠状病毒第三次人畜共患引入人类。尽管之前的冠状病毒 SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV 流行病提高了人们对临床上可用的治疗或预防干预措施的必要性的认识，但迄今为止，还没有经过证明有效的治疗方法。有效干预策略的制定依赖于对冠状病毒感染的分子和细胞机制的了解，这凸显了在分子水平上研究病毒与宿主相互作用的重要性，以确定抗病毒干预的目标并阐明起决定性作用的关键病毒和宿主决定因素。发展为严重疾病。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最初的发现，这些发现塑造了我们目前对整个细胞内病毒生命周期中 SARS-CoV-2 感染的理解，并将其与我们对冠状病毒生物学的知识联系起来。阐明 SARS-CoV-2 与其他冠状病毒之间的相似性和差异将为未来对抗冠状病毒感染的准备和策略提供支持。