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A Journey of Nanomotors for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Principles, Challenges, and a Critical Review of the State‐of‐the‐Art
Advanced Healthcare Materials ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 , DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001236
Wei Wang 1 , Chao Zhou 1
Affiliation  

A nanomotor is a miniaturized device that converts energy stored in the environment into mechanical motion. The last two decades have witnessed a surge of research interests in the biomedical applications of nanomotors, but little clinical translation. To accelerate this process, targeted cancer therapy is used as an example to describe a “survive, locate, operate, and terminate” (SLOT) mission of a nanomotor, where it must 1) survive in the unfriendly in vivo environment, 2) locate its target as well as be located by human operators, 3) carry out specific operations, and 4) terminate after the mission is completed. Along this journey, the challenges presented to a nanomotor, including to power, navigate, steer, target, release, control, image, and communicate are discussed, and how state‐of‐the‐art nanomotors meet or fall short of these requirements is critically reviewed. These discussions are then condensed into a table for easy reference. In particular, it is argued that chemically powered nanomotors are intrinsically ill‐positioned for targeted cancer therapy, while nanomotors powered by magnetic fields or ultrasound show more promises. Following this argument, a tentative nanomotor design is then presented in the end to conform to the SLOT guideline, and to inspire practical, functional nanorobots that are yet to come.

中文翻译:

靶向癌症治疗的纳米电机之旅:原理,挑战和对最新技术的严格评论

纳米电机是一种微型设备,可将存储在环境中的能量转换为机械运动。在过去的二十年中,纳米电机在生物医学应用中的研究兴趣激增,但临床翻译很少。为了加速这一过程,以靶向癌症治疗为例来描述纳米电机的“生存,定位,操作和终止”(SLOT)任务,该任务必须:1)在不友好的体内环境中生存; 2)定位它的目标以及由操作人员确定的目标; 3)执行特定的操作; 4)在任务完成后终止。在此过程中,我们讨论了纳米电动机所面临的挑战,包括动力,导航,操纵,目标,释放,控制,图像和交流,严格审查了最新的纳米电机如何满足或不满足这些要求。然后,将这些讨论汇总到一个表中,以方便参考。特别是,有人争辩说,化学驱动的纳米电机本质上不适用于针对性的癌症治疗,而磁场或超声波驱动的纳米电机则显示出更多的前景。根据这一论点,最后提出了一种试探性的纳米电机设计,以符合SLOT指南,并激发尚未实用的实用纳米机器人。
更新日期:2020-10-27
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