Rocket (Eruca sativa) is a source of health-related metabolites called glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) but little is known of the genetic and transcriptomic mechanisms responsible for regulating pre and postharvest accumulations. We present the first de novo reference genome assembly and annotation, with ontogenic and postharvest transcriptome data relating to sulfur assimilation, transport, and utilization. Diverse gene expression patterns related to sulfur metabolism, GSL biosynthesis, and glutathione biosynthesis are present between inbred lines of rocket. A clear pattern of differential expression determines GSL abundance and the formation of hydrolysis products. One breeding line sustained GSL accumulation and hydrolysis product formation throughout storage. Multiple copies of MYB28, SLIM1, SDI1, and ESM1 have increased and differential expression postharvest, and are associated with GSLs and hydrolysis product formation. Two glucosinolate transporter gene (GTR2) copies were found to be associated with increased GSL accumulations in leaves. Monosaccharides (which are essential for primary metabolism and GSL biosynthesis, and contribute to the taste of rocket) were also quantified in leaves, with glucose concentrations significantly correlated with the expression of numerous GSL-related genes. Significant negative correlations were observed between the expression of glutathione synthetase (GSH) genes and those involved in GSL metabolism. Breeding line “B” showed increased GSH gene expression and low GSL content compared to two other lines where the opposite was observed. Co-expression analysis revealed senescence (SEN1) and oxidative stress-related (OXS3) genes have higher expression in line B, suggesting that postharvest deterioration is associated with low GSL concentrations.

火箭（芥菜) 是称为硫代葡萄糖苷 (GSL) 和异硫氰酸盐 (ITC) 的健康相关代谢物的来源，但对负责调节采前和采后积累的遗传和转录组机制知之甚少。我们首先介绍从头参考基因组组装和注释，以及与硫同化、运输和利用相关的个体发生和收获后转录组数据。火箭自交系之间存在与硫代谢、GSL 生物合成和谷胱甘肽生物合成相关的多种基因表达模式。清晰的差异表达模式决定了 GSL 的丰度和水解产物的形成。一个育种系在整个储存过程中维持 GSL 积累和水解产物的形成。MYB28、SLIM1、SDI1 和 ESM1 的多个拷贝在收获后增加和差异表达，并且与 GSL 和水解产物形成有关。发现两个硫代葡萄糖苷转运蛋白基因 (GTR2) 拷贝与叶片中 GSL 积累的增加有关。叶子中的单糖（对初级代谢和 GSL 生物合成至关重要，有助于火箭的味道）也被量化，葡萄糖浓度与许多 GSL 相关基因的表达显着相关。在谷胱甘肽合成酶（GSH）基因的表达与参与GSL代谢的基因之间观察到显着的负相关。育种线“乙” 与观察到相反情况的其他两个系相比，显示出增加的 GSH 基因表达和低 GSL 含量。共表达分析显示衰老（SEN1) 和氧化应激相关的 (OXS3) 基因具有较高的线性表达乙，表明采后恶化与低 GSL 浓度有关。