Solar distillation system depends on adhesion of water molecules inside the glass cover of solar stills. Regular glass surfaces are prone to adsorbing other unwanted compounds and in turn lower the percentage of recovery of pure distilled water. In this study, the production of purified distilled water was compared with and without the use of graphene-based surface modifiers. In areas where salt content is high, the first pass is still usually laden with salts. Hence, to improve adhesion of water and rejection of salts, both the inside glass cover surfaces and the metal absorber plates were modified using oxygen plasma treatment and graphene surface enhancement. Results showed a 48.9% improvement of distilled water recovery from an initial recovery of 2.90 L/m2 per day to an average of 4.32 L/m2 per day. In addition, the resulting distilled water passes the World Health Organization drinking water standards such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and salinity. The average reduction in EC was 96.52%, an average increase of 5.06% of pH, and an average reduction of salinity of 96.52%, all measured at the highest brine salinity of 5%. The reported value of EC was 23.33 μS/cm, a lowest and near-neutral pH of 6.85, and an average salinity of 12.10 ppm.

中文翻译：

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先进的太阳能蒸馏器开发：通过石墨烯增强的表面改性剂提高蒸馏水的回收率和纯度

太阳能蒸馏系统取决于水分子在太阳能蒸馏器玻璃盖内的附着力。普通玻璃表面容易吸附其他不需要的化合物，进而降低纯蒸馏水的回收率。在这项研究中，比较了使用和不使用基于石墨烯的表面改性剂的纯化蒸馏水的生产。在含盐量高的地区，第一道工序通常仍充满盐分。因此，为了提高水的附着力和对盐的排斥，内部玻璃盖表面和金属吸收板都使用氧等离子体处理和石墨烯表面增强进行了改性。结果表明，蒸馏水回收率从最初的每天 2.90 L/m2 提高到平均每天 4.32 L/m2，提高了 48.9%。此外，由此产生的蒸馏水通过了世界卫生组织的饮用水标准，如 pH 值、电导率 (EC) 和盐度。EC平均降低96.52%，pH平均提高5.06%，盐度平均降低96.52%，均在5%的最高盐水盐度下测得。EC 的报告值为 23.33 μS/cm，最低且接近中性的 pH 值为 6.85，平均盐度为 12.10 ppm。