Abstract Kappaphycus alvarezii was introduced for mariculture purposes on the coast of São Paulo, southeast of Brazil, in 1995, and since then an experimental pilot cultivation has been maintained. Since it is an exotic species, the dispersion of thallus fragments, presence of reproductive structures and recruitment from spores were monitored bimonthly from November 2016 to January 2018. Fragment dispersion was analyzed on nine selected monitoring sites around the cultivation raft through visual observation and photographic records. To verify the presence of reproductive structures 40 individuals were collected randomly from the cultivation raft and analyzed under a light microscope and stereomicroscope. Reproductive structure recruitment was also evaluated using artificial substrata. The results showed that even 25 years after the introduction of K. alvarezii on the coast of São Paulo, the invasive behavior of this exotic species had not been recorded. There was no evidence of vegetative dispersion and/or establishment in the Ubatuba Bay. Reproductive structures were also not found during the monitoring period. However, we highlight the importance of permanent and systematic environmental monitoring to prevent any impact and to ensure a sustainable aquaculture. These results will contribute to the development of the cultivation of the non-native K. alvarezii in Brazil and to improving public policies of coastal management.

中文翻译：

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监测外来物种 Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta) 的环境风险，在巴西东南部引入 20 年后

摘要 Kappaphycus alvarezii 于 1995 年被引入巴西东南部圣保罗海岸用于海水养殖，此后一直进行试验性的中试养殖。由于是外来物种，2016 年 11 月至 2018 年 1 月每两个月监测一次叶状体碎片的散布情况、繁殖结构的存在和孢子的补充。通过目视观察和摄影记录，在养殖筏周围的 9 个选定监测点对碎片散布情况进行分析. 为了验证生殖结构的存在，从培养筏中随机收集了 40 个人，并在光学显微镜和立体显微镜下进行分析。还使用人工基质评估了生殖结构募集。结果表明，即使在圣保罗海岸引入 K. alvarezii 25 年后，也没有记录到这种外来物种的入侵行为。乌巴图巴湾没有植被扩散和/或定植的证据。在监测期间也没有发现生殖结构。然而，我们强调永久性和系统性环境监测的重要性，以防止任何影响并确保可持续的水产养殖。这些结果将有助于在巴西发展非本地 K. alvarezii 的种植并改善沿海管理的公共政策。在监测期间也没有发现生殖结构。然而，我们强调永久性和系统性环境监测的重要性，以防止任何影响并确保可持续的水产养殖。这些结果将有助于在巴西发展非本地 K. alvarezii 的种植和改善沿海管理的公共政策。在监测期间也没有发现生殖结构。然而，我们强调永久性和系统性环境监测的重要性，以防止任何影响并确保可持续的水产养殖。这些结果将有助于在巴西发展非本地 K. alvarezii 的种植并改善沿海管理的公共政策。