The Saudi government pays great attention to the usability and accessibility issues of e-government systems. E-government educational systems, such as Noor, Faris, and iEN systems, are some of the most rapidly developing e-government systems. In this study, we used a mixed-methods approach (usability testing and automated tools evaluation) to investigate the degree of difficulty faced by teachers with visual impairment while accessing such systems. The usability testing was done on four visually impaired teachers. In addition, four automated tools, namely, AChecker, HTML_CodeSniffer, SortSite, and Total Validator, were utilized in this study. The results showed that all three systems failed to support screen readers effectively as it was the main issue reported by the participants. On the other hand, the automated evaluation tools helped with identifying the most prominent accessibility issues of these systems. The perceivable principle was the principle most violated by the three systems, followed by operable, and then robust. The errors corresponding to the perceivable principle alone represented around 73% of the total errors. Moreover, further analysis revealed that most of the detected errors violated even the lowest level of accessibility conformance, which reflected the failure of these systems to pass the accessibility evaluation.

中文翻译：

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沙特阿拉伯电子政务系统的教师可访问性评估：视障用户的观点

沙特政府非常重视电子政务系统的可用性和可访问性问题。电子政府教育系统，例如Noor，Faris和iEN系统，是一些发展最快的电子政府系统。在这项研究中，我们使用了一种混合方法（可用性测试和自动工具评估）来研究视障教师在访问此类系统时所面临的困难程度。可用性测试是在四位视障教师上进行的。此外，本研究还使用了四个自动工具，即AChecker，HTML_CodeSniffer，SortSite和Total Validator。结果表明，这三个系统均未能有效地支持屏幕阅读器，因为这是参与者报告的主要问题。另一方面，自动化评估工具有助于确定这些系统中最突出的可访问性问题。可感知的原则是三个系统最不遵守的原则，其次是可操作的，然后是健壮的。仅与可感知原理相对应的误差约占总误差的73％。此外，进一步的分析表明，大多数检测到的错误甚至都违反了最低级别的可访问性一致性，这反映了这些系统无法通过可访问性 评估。