The anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR) were operated at 35 °C (H-AnMBR) and 25 °C (L-AnMBR) for long-term wastewater treatment. Two aerobic forward osmosis membrane bioreactors (FOMBRs) were utilized to treat the effluents of H-AnMBR and L-AnMBR, respectively. During the 180 days of operation, it is worth noting that the combined system was feasible, and the pollutant removal efficiency was higher. Though the permeate chemical oxygen demand (COD) of H-AnMBR (18.94 mg/L) was obviously lower than that of L-AnMBR (51.09 mg/L), the permeate CODs of the FOMBRs were almost the same with the average concentrations of 7.57 and 7.58 mg/L for the H-FOMBR and L-FOMBR, respectively. It was interesting that for both the AnMBRs, the permeate total nitrogen (TN) concentration was higher than that in bulk phase. However, the TN concentrations in the effluent remained stable with the values of 20.12 and 15.22 mg/L in the H-FOMBR and L-FOMBR effluents, respectively. For the two systems, the characteristics of activated sludge flocs were different for H-AnMBR-FOMBR sludge and L-AnMBR-FOMBR sludge. The viscosity of L-AnMBR-activated sludge (2.09 Pa·s) was higher compared to that of H-AnMBR (1.31 Pa·s), while the viscosity of activated sludge in L-FOMBR (1.44 Pa·s) was a little lower than that in H-FOMBR (1.48 Pa·s). The capillary water absorption time of L-AnMBR-activated sludge (69.6 s) was higher compared to that of H-AnMBR (49.5 s), while the capillary water absorption time of activated sludge in L-FOMBR (14.6 s) was little lower than that in H-FOMBR (15.6 s). The particle size of H-AnMBR-activated sludge (119.62 nm) was larger than that of L-AnMBR-activated sludge (84.92 nm), but the particle size of H-FOMBR-activated sludge (143.81 nm) was significantly smaller than that of L-FOMBR-activated sludge (293.38 nm). The observations of flocs indicated that the flocs of activated sludge in H-AnMBR were relatively loose, while the flocs of L-AnMBR were relatively tight. The fine sludge floc was less present in the L-FOMBR than in the H-FOMBR. Therefore, in the process of sewage treatment, the influent of each unit in the AnMBR-FOMBR system should have suitable organic content to maintain the particle sizes of sludge flocs.

中文翻译：

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厌氧膜生物反应器结合正渗透膜生物反应器的性能分析：工艺条件优化、废水处理和污泥特性

厌氧膜生物反应器 (AnMBR) 在 35 °C (H-AnMBR) 和 25 °C (L-AnMBR) 下运行，用于长期废水处理。两个好氧正渗透膜生物反应器 (FOMBR) 分别用于处理 H-AnMBR 和 L-AnMBR 的流出物。值得一提的是，在180天的运行过程中，组合系统可行，污染物去除效率更高。尽管 H-AnMBR (18.94 mg/L) 的渗透化学需氧量 (COD) 明显低于 L-AnMBR (51.09 mg/L)，但 FOMBR 的渗透 COD 几乎与平均浓度相同。 H-FOMBR 和 L-FOMBR 分别为 7.57 和 7.58 mg/L。有趣的是，对于两种 AnMBR，渗透总氮 (TN) 浓度高于体相。然而，流出物中的 TN 浓度保持稳定，H-FOMBR 和 L-FOMBR 流出物中的值分别为 20.12 和 15.22 mg/L。对于这两个系统，H-AnMBR-FOMBR 污泥和L-AnMBR-FOMBR 污泥的活性污泥絮体特性不同。L-AnMBR-活性污泥的粘度（2.09 Pa·s）高于H-AnMBR（1.31 Pa·s），而L-FOMBR中活性污泥的粘度（1.44 Pa·s）略低低于 H-FOMBR (1.48 Pa·s)。L-AnMBR活性污泥的毛细吸水时间（69.6 s）高于H-AnMBR（49.5 s），而L-FOMBR中活性污泥的毛细吸水时间（14.6 s）略低比 H-FOMBR (15.6 s)。H-AnMBR 活性污泥的粒径 (119. 62 nm) 大于 L-AnMBR 活性污泥 (84.92 nm)，但 H-FOMBR 活性污泥 (143.81 nm) 的粒径明显小于 L-FOMBR 活性污泥 (293.38 nm) . 对絮体的观察表明，H-AnMBR中活性污泥的絮体相对松散，而L-AnMBR的絮体相对紧密。L-FOMBR 中的细污泥絮体比 H-FOMBR 中的少。因此，在污水处理过程中，AnMBR-FOMBR系统各单元进水应具有适宜的有机物含量，以保持污泥絮体的粒径。对絮体的观察表明，H-AnMBR中活性污泥的絮体比较松散，而L-AnMBR的絮体比较紧密。L-FOMBR 中的细污泥絮体比 H-FOMBR 中的少。因此，在污水处理过程中，AnMBR-FOMBR系统各单元进水应具有适宜的有机物含量，以保持污泥絮体的粒径。对絮体的观察表明，H-AnMBR中活性污泥的絮体比较松散，而L-AnMBR的絮体比较紧密。L-FOMBR 中的细污泥絮体比 H-FOMBR 中的少。因此，在污水处理过程中，AnMBR-FOMBR系统各单元进水应具有适宜的有机物含量，以保持污泥絮体的粒径。