Membrane filtration has been widely used in water and wastewater treatment. However, this process is not very effective for the removal of refractory organic compounds (e.g., of pharmaceutical origin). Coupling membrane filtration with ozonation (or other Advanced Oxidation Methods) can enhance the degradation of these compounds and, subsequently, the incidence of membrane fouling (i.e., the major problem of membrane uses) would be also limited. Ozonation is an efficient oxidative process, although ozone is considered to be a rather selective oxidant agent and sometimes it presents quite low mineralization rates. An improvement of this advanced oxidation process is catalytic ozonation, which can decrease the by-product formation via the acceleration of hydroxyl radicals production. The hydroxyl radicals are unselective oxidative species, presenting high reaction constants with organic compounds. An efficient way to couple membrane filtration with catalytic ozonation is the deposition of an appropriate solid catalyst onto the membrane surface. However, it must be noted that only metal oxides have been used as catalysts in this process, while the membrane material can be of either polymeric or ceramic origin. The relevant studies regarding the application of polymeric membranes are rather scarce, because only a few polymeric materials can be ozone-resistant and the deposition of metal oxides on their surface presents several difficulties (e.g., affinity etc.). The respective literature about catalytic membrane ozonation is quite limited; however, some studies have been performed concerning membrane fouling and the degradation of micropollutants, which will be presented in this review. From the relevant results it seems that this hybrid process can be an efficient technology both for the reduction of fouling occurrence as well as of enhancement of micropollutant removal, when compared to the application of single filtration or ozonation.

中文翻译：

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催化臭氧化和膜接触器——关于结垢发生和污染物去除的综述

膜过滤已广泛应用于水和废水处理。然而，该过程对于去除难处理的有机化合物（例如，药物来源的）不是很有效。将膜过滤与臭氧化（或其他高级氧化方法）相结合可以增强这些化合物的降解，因此膜污染的发生率（即膜使用的主要问题）也将受到限制。臭氧化是一种有效的氧化过程，尽管臭氧被认为是一种相当有选择性的氧化剂，有时它的矿化率很低。这种高级氧化过程的改进是催化臭氧化，它可以通过加速羟基自由基的产生来减少副产物的形成。羟基自由基是非选择性氧化物质，与有机化合物的反应常数高。将膜过滤与催化臭氧化相结合的一种有效方法是将适当的固体催化剂沉积到膜表面上。然而，必须注意的是，在该过程中仅使用金属氧化物作为催化剂，而膜材料可以是聚合物来源的或陶瓷来源的。关于聚合物膜应用的相关研究相当缺乏，因为只有少数聚合物材料可以抗臭氧，并且金属氧化物在其表面上的沉积存在若干困难（例如亲和性等）。有关催化膜臭氧化的相关文献非常有限；然而，已经进行了一些关于膜污染和微污染物降解的研究，这将在本次审查中提出。从相关结果来看，与单一过滤或臭氧化的应用相比，这种混合过程似乎是一种有效的技术，既可以减少结垢的发生，也可以增强微污染物的去除。