Inland fisheries management in Cambodia has undergone two major policy reforms over the last two decades. These reforms led to the abolishment of a century-old commercial fishing lot system in 2012 and the establishment of new fish sanctuary and community fishing areas. However, the status of fisheries and fish assemblages following the reforms is not well understood. Here, we investigated the temporal changes in fish catch weight and fish assemblage structure for the period 1995–2000 before fishing lot abolishment (BLA) and for the period 2012–2015 after the removal of all fishing lots (after lot abolishment-ALA) using time-series fish catch data recorded from the Tonle Sap Lake (TSL), one of the world largest inland fisheries. We found (i) mean catch trends vary seasonally, with stable catch trends during the BLA and decreasing catch trends during the ALA and (ii) significant shifts in fish assemblage composition, notably a shift from large-bodied, migratory, and/or predatory species during the BLA toward more short-distance migratory and/or floodplain, small-bodied species during the ALA. Fishing lot abolishment coincided with substantial changes to floodplain habitats and increases in fishing pressure, threatening TSL fish stocks. Flow alterations caused by dams and climate change may exacerbate the problem. Therefore, to realize the fisheries reform objectives, it is imperative to strengthen the fisheries’ governance and management system, including effective law enforcement, institutional strengthening, improved planning, cooperation, and coordination as well as clearly defined roles and responsibilities among concerned stakeholders at all levels.

中文翻译：

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鱼类组合的时间动态反映了世界上最大的热带洪水脉冲渔业之一从捕捞特许权到共同管理的政策转变

在过去的二十年里，柬埔寨的内陆渔业管理经历了两次重大的政策改革。这些改革导致 2012 年废除了百年商业渔场制度，并建立了新的鱼类保护区和社区捕鱼区。然而，改革后渔业和鱼类组合的状况尚不清楚。在这里，我们调查了 1995-2000 年渔场废除 (BLA) 前和 2012-2015 年废除所有渔场后（批次废除后-ALA）期间鱼类捕捞重量和鱼类组合结构的时间变化世界最大的内陆渔业之一洞里萨湖 (TSL) 记录的时间序列鱼类捕获数据。我们发现 (i) 平均捕捞趋势随季节变化，BLA 期间捕捞趋势稳定，ALA 期间捕捞趋势下降，以及 (ii) 鱼类组合构成的显着变化，特别是 BLA 期间从大型、洄游和/或捕食性物种向更短距离洄游和/ 或泛滥平原，ALA 期间的小型物种。渔场的废除与洪泛区栖息地的重大变化和捕捞压力的增加同时发生，威胁到 TSL 鱼类种群。由大坝和气候变化引起的流量变化可能会加剧这个问题。因此，要实现渔业改革目标，就必须加强渔业治理和管理体系，包括有效执法、加强体制、改进规划、合作、