Hyperglycemia and the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the primary factors for the development of chronic complications in diabetes. The level of protein glycation is proportional to the glucose concentration and represents mean glycemia. In this study, we present an electrochemical chip-based method for in vitro glycation monitoring and the efficacy evaluation of an antiglycation compound. An electrochemical chip consisting of five microchambers and embedded microelectrodes was designed for parallel measurements of capacitance signals from multiple solutions at different concentrations. The feasibility of glycation monitoring was then investigated by measuring the capacitance signal at 0.13 MHz with bovine serum albumin and gelatin samples in the presence of various glucose concentrations over 28 days. A significant change in the capacitance due to protein glycation was observed through measurements conducted within 30 s and 21 days of incubation. Finally, we demonstrated that the chip-based capacitance measurement can be utilized for the selection of an antiglycation compound by supplementing the protein solution and hyperglycemic concentration of glucose with an inhibitory concentration of the standard antiglycation agent aspirin. The lack of a significant change in the capacitance over 28 days proved that aspirin is capable of inhibiting protein glycation. Thus, a strong relationship exists between glycation and capacitance, suggesting the application of an electrochemical chip for evaluating glycation and novel antiglycation agents.

中文翻译：

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监测蛋白质体外糖化和药物抗糖化潜力筛选的电化学芯片

高血糖症和晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）的产生是糖尿病慢性并发症发展的主要因素。蛋白质糖基化水平与葡萄糖浓度成正比，代表平均血糖。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种用于体外糖基化监测和抗糖基化化合物功效评估的基于电化学芯片的方法。设计了由五个微腔和嵌入式微电极组成的电化学芯片，用于并行测量来自多个溶液的不同浓度下的电容信号。然后，在28天的各种葡萄糖浓度下，通过使用牛血清白蛋白和明胶样品在0.13 MHz下测量电容信号来研究糖基化监测的可行性。通过在孵育的30 s和21天内进行的测量，观察到由于蛋白质糖基化引起的电容的显着变化。最终，我们证明了通过基于标准抗糖化剂阿司匹林的抑制浓度补充蛋白质溶液和葡萄糖的高血糖浓度，可以将基于芯片的电容测量用于选择抗糖化化合物。在28天之内电容值没有明显变化，证明阿司匹林能够抑制蛋白质糖基化。因此，糖基化和电容之间存在很强的关系，表明电化学芯片可用于评估糖基化和新型抗糖化剂。