In recent years, advances in experimental psychology have led to a better understanding in automatic, unconscious processes, referred to as attentional and approach biases amongst individuals with substance use disorders. Attentional biases refer to the relatively automatic tendencies for attention to be preferentially allocated towards substance-related cues. Whereas, approach bias refers to the relatively automatic behavioral tendencies of individuals to reach out to substance-related cues in their natural environment. While, several reviews confirm the existence of these biases, and the effectiveness of bias modification, the conduct of cognitive bias modification amongst substance-using individuals is not without its challenges. One of these is that cognitive biases, both attentional and approach biases, are not universally present; and several individual differences factors modulate the magnitude of the biases. Another challenge that investigators faced in their conduct of cognitive bias modification relates to the selection of the appropriate task for bias assessment and modification. Other challenges intrinsic to cognitive bias modification intervention relates to that of participant attrition, much like conventional psychotherapies. Negative findings, of the absence of biases at baseline, or the lack of effectiveness of bias modification have been reported in studies of cognitive bias modification. All these challenges could have an impact on bias assessment and modification. In this perspective paper, we will explore the literature surrounding each of these challenges and discuss potential measures that could be undertaken to mitigate these clinical and research challenges.

中文翻译：

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评价物质使用障碍的认知偏差修正干预措施时的挑战

近年来，实验心理学的进步导致人们对自动，无意识的过程有了更好的理解，这在物质使用障碍患者中被称为注意力和方法偏见。注意偏向是指相对自动的趋势，以便将注意力优先分配给与物质相关的提示。而进场偏向是指个体在其自然环境中接触与物质相关的线索的相对自动的行为倾向。虽然有几篇评论证实了这些偏见的存在以及偏见修正的有效性，但在使用毒品的个人中进行认知偏见修正的行为并非没有挑战。其中之一是，认知偏见，无论是注意偏见还是方法偏见都没有普遍存在。几个个体差异因素可调节偏差的大小。研究人员在进行认知偏见修正时面临的另一个挑战是选择合适的任务进行偏倚评估和修正。与传统的心理治疗非常相似，认知偏见干预措施固有的其他挑战也与参与者的减员有关。认知偏倚研究中已报道阴性结果，即基线无偏倚或偏倚修正没有效果。所有这些挑战可能会对偏差评估和修正产生影响。在这篇观点论文中，