This work compares the prevalence of antibiotic resistant coliform bacteria in hospital wastewater effluents in Slovak (SR) and Czech Republic (ČR). It also describes selected antibiotic resistant isolates in view of resistance mechanism and virulence factor. The highest number of multidrug resistant bacteria was detected in samples from the hospital in Valašské Meziříčí (ČR). More than half of resistant isolates showed multidrug resistance phenotype as well as strong ability to form biofilm. In 42% of isolates efflux pump overproduction was detected together with tetA and tetE genes. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in coliform isolates was encoded mainly by bla_TEM, bla_CTX-M-2 and bla_CTX-M-8/25 genes. About 62% of resistants contained a combination of two or more extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) genes. Our results strengthen the fact that hospital effluents are a source of multidrug resistant bacteria which can spread their resistance genes to other bacteria in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Accordingly, hospital wastewater should be better treated before it enters urban sewerage.

中文翻译：

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医院废水-ESBL生产的耐多药大肠菌的重要来源

这项工作比较了斯洛伐克（SR）和捷克共和国（ČR）医院废水中抗生素抗性大肠菌群的流行程度。鉴于耐药机制和毒力因子，还描述了所选的抗生素耐药菌株。在ValašskéMeziříčí（ČR）医院的样品中发现了最高数量的耐多药细菌。超过一半的耐药菌株表现出多药耐药表型以及强大的生物膜形成能力。在42％的分离物中，检测到外排泵过高生产以及tetA和tetE基因。大肠菌群中广谱β-内酰胺酶的产生主要由bla _TEM，bla _CTX-M-2和bla _{CTX-M-8 / 25}基因。约62％的抗药性包含两个或多个超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）基因的组合。我们的结果进一步证明了事实，即医院污水是多药耐药菌的来源，可以将其耐药基因传播到废水处理厂（WWTP）中的其他细菌。因此，医院废水进入城市污水之前应得到更好的处理。