Anti-atherogenic therapy is crucial in halting the progression of inflammation-induced intimal hyperplasia. The aim of this concise review was to methodically assess the recent findings of the different approaches, mainly on the recruitment of chemokines and/or cytokine and its effects in combating the intimal hyperplasia caused by various risk factors. Pubmed and Scopus databases were searched, followed by article selection based on pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. The combination of keywords used were monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 OR MCP-1 OR TNF-alpha OR TNF-α AND hyperplasia OR intimal hyperplasia OR neointimal hyperplasia AND in vitro. These keywords combination was incorporated in the study and had successfully identified 77 articles, with 22 articles were acquired from Pubmed, whereas 55 articles were obtained from Scopus. However, after title screening, only twelve articles meet the requirements of defined inclusion criteria. We classified the data into 4 different approaches, i.e., utilisation of natural product, genetic manipulation and protein inhibition, targeted drugs in clinical setting, and chemokine and cytokines induction. Most of the articles are working on genetic manipulation targeted on specific pathway to inhibit the pro-inflammatory factors expression. We also found that the utilisation of chemokine- and cytokine-related treatments are emerging throughout the years. However, there is no study utilising the combination of approaches that might give a better outcome in combating intimal hyperplasia. Hopefully, this concise review will provide an insight regarding the usage of different novel approaches in halting the progression of intimal hyperplasia, which serves as a key factor for the development of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular disease.

中文翻译：

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促炎药和消​​炎药对内膜增生的抑制作用：基于证据的综述

抗动脉粥样硬化疗法对于阻止炎症引起的内膜增生的进展至关重要。这篇简明综述的目的是系统地评估不同方法的最新发现，主要是关于趋化因子和/或细胞因子的募集及其在对抗各种危险因素引起的内膜增生中的作用。搜索Pubmed和Scopus数据库，然后根据预设的包含和排除标准选择文章。所用关键词的组合是单核细胞趋化蛋白-1或MCP-1或TNF-α或TNF-α与增生或内膜增生或新内膜增生以及体外。这些关键词组合被纳入研究，成功鉴定了77篇文章，其中22篇文章来自Pubmed，而55篇文章来自Scopus。但是，经过标题筛选后，只有十二篇文章符合定义的纳入标准的要求。我们将数据分为4种不同的方法，即天然产物的利用，基因操作和蛋白质抑制，临床环境中的靶向药物以及趋化因子和细胞因子的诱导。大多数文章都致力于针对特定途径的基因操纵，以抑制促炎因子的表达。我们还发现，趋化因子和细胞因子相关疗法的使用正在不断涌现。然而，尚无研究利用这些方法的组合在对抗内膜增生方面可能提供更好的结果。希望这篇简明扼要的评论将提供有关使用不同新颖方法阻止内膜增生进展的见识，