Numerous candidate genes related to apomixis have been identified through transcriptomics; however, the molecular mechanism underlying apomixis remains unclear. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms is essential to expand its application in crop breeding. Therefore, here, we employed the isobaric tags for a relative and absolute quantification labeling technology to investigate the protein expression in Boehmeria tricuspis generated through different reproductive modes at the functional megaspore stage. We identified 40 differential abundance proteins associated with apomeiosis, most of which were involved in “response to stress”. Functional analysis suggested that lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in inducing the development of apomeiosis. Proteins related to ROS regulation, cell wall modifications, and stability under heat stress play a crucial role in the development of diplosporic apomeiosis. Our results give evidence to the insight that stress can induce a switch from apomixis to sexuality by ROS content, and an increased composition of stress tolerance as well as secondary metabolites can buffer ROS effects. Precise coordination of these proteins involved in inter-related regulatory control mechanisms may act together in the transition from the sexual to apomixis development.

中文翻译：

---

差异蛋白质组学分析鉴定蛋白质与关联在Apomeiosis苎麻属tricuspis（汉斯）牧野使用一个的iTRAQ制策略

通过转录组学已经鉴定出许多与无融合生殖有关的候选基因。然而，无融合生殖的分子机制仍不清楚。阐明潜在机制对于扩大其在作物育种中的应用至关重要。因此，在这里，我们将同量异位标签用于相对和绝对定量标记技术，以研究三叶Bo的蛋白质表达。在功能性大孢子阶段通过不同的繁殖方式产生。我们鉴定了40种与无融合生殖相关的差异丰度蛋白，其中大多数与“应激反应”有关。功能分析表明，较低水平的活性氧（ROS）在诱导无融合生殖发生中起作用。与ROS调节，细胞壁修饰以及热应激下的稳定性相关的蛋白质在二倍体孢子质减数分裂的发生中起着至关重要的作用。我们的研究结果证明了压力可以通过ROS含量引起无融合生殖向性行为的转变，并且压力耐受性成分的增加以及次级代谢产物可以缓冲ROS的作用。