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Monitoring follicular dynamics to determine estrus type and timing of ovulation induction in captive brown bears (Ursus arctos)
Journal of Reproduction and Development ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-044
Yoshiko Torii 1 , Naoya Matsumoto 2 , Hideyuki Sakamoto 2 , Masashi Nagano 3 , Seiji Katagiri 3 , Yojiro Yanagawa 3
Affiliation  

It is important to understand ovarian physiology when developing an artificial insemination (AI) protocol. Brown bears (Ursus arctos) have a breeding season from May to July, although the type of estrus (polyestrus or monoestrus) is still contested. The present study aimed to define the ovarian dynamics, including follicular waves and ovulatory follicle size, and estrus type in brown bears. Six brown bears were used for ovarian ultrasonography; four were observed between April and October (before the start and after the end of the breeding season) and two in June (breeding season). In addition, we attempted to induce ovulation by administering a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. We observed follicular development in April in four bears, but follicles did not develop to greater than 6.0 mm in diameter until May. Thereafter, a group of follicles developed to more than 6.0 mm and grew as dominant follicles, except in one bear. After ovulation and subsequent corpus luteum (CL) formation, the follicular waves disappeared. Furthermore, in three bears treated with GnRH, follicles between 8.2 to 11.2 mm in diameter at the time of treatment ovulated and formed CLs. In two bears, follicles between 5.8 to 8.8 mm ovulated spontaneously within the observation interval. Our results suggest that brown bears may be monoestrous animals. Therefore, AI can only be performed once during the breeding season. Our results also suggest that dominant follicles larger than 8.0 mm are a suitable size for inducing ovulation.

中文翻译:

监测卵泡动态以确定圈养棕熊(Ursus arctos)的发情类型和排卵诱导时间

在开发人工授精 (AI) 协议时,了解卵巢生理学非常重要。棕熊 (Ursus arctos) 的繁殖季节从 5 月到 7 月,但发情类型(多发情或单发情)仍有争议。本研究旨在确定棕熊的卵巢动力学,包括卵泡波和排卵卵泡大小以及发情类型。六只棕熊用于卵巢超声检查;4 月至 10 月(繁殖季节开始前和结束后)观察到 4 次,6 月(繁殖季节)观察到 2 次。此外,我们尝试通过施用促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH) 激动剂来诱导排卵。我们在 4 月观察到四只熊的卵泡发育,但直到 5 月卵泡的直径才发育到超过 6.0 毫米。此后,除了一只熊外,一组卵泡发育到 6.0 毫米以上,并作为优势卵泡生长。在排卵和随后的黄体 (CL) 形成后,卵泡波消失了。此外,在用 GnRH 治疗的三只熊中,治疗时直径在 8.2 至 11.2 毫米之间的卵泡排卵并形成 CL。在两只熊中,5.8 至 8.8 毫米之间的卵泡在观察间隔内自发排卵。我们的研究结果表明,棕熊可能是单一发情的动物。因此,人工授精只能在繁殖季节进行一次。我们的结果还表明,大于 8.0 毫米的优势卵泡是诱导排卵的合适尺寸。滤泡波消失了。此外,在用 GnRH 治疗的三只熊中,治疗时直径在 8.2 至 11.2 毫米之间的卵泡排卵并形成 CL。在两只熊中,5.8 至 8.8 毫米之间的卵泡在观察间隔内自发排卵。我们的研究结果表明,棕熊可能是单一发情的动物。因此,人工授精只能在繁殖季节进行一次。我们的结果还表明,大于 8.0 毫米的优势卵泡是诱导排卵的合适尺寸。滤泡波消失了。此外,在用 GnRH 治疗的三只熊中,治疗时直径在 8.2 至 11.2 毫米之间的卵泡排卵并形成 CL。在两只熊中,5.8 至 8.8 毫米之间的卵泡在观察间隔内自发排卵。我们的研究结果表明,棕熊可能是单一发情的动物。因此,人工授精只能在繁殖季节进行一次。我们的结果还表明,大于 8.0 毫米的优势卵泡是诱导排卵的合适尺寸。AI 在繁殖季节只能进行一次。我们的结果还表明,大于 8.0 毫米的优势卵泡是诱导排卵的合适尺寸。AI 在繁殖季节只能进行一次。我们的结果还表明,大于 8.0 毫米的优势卵泡是诱导排卵的合适尺寸。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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