Due to the critical bacterial resistance and antibiotic crisis, the discovery of new antibiotics is an urgent need in the clinic than ever. Naturally occurring antibiotics have proven to be an indispensable source of the development of new antibacterial agents. Herein, we report the total synthesis of three families of biogenetically related natural antibiotics, including anthrabenzoxocinones (ABXs), fasamycins/naphthacemycins, and benastatins. The synthesis featured divergent and convergent approaches, which enabled efficient construction of the basic polycyclic skeletons in 6–10 steps on a large-scale, followed by a collective synthesis of 14 natural products and their corresponding analogs. The core scaffold of gemdimethyl-anthracenone, a naturally occurring type II fatty acid-specific condensation enzyme (FabFspecific) antibiotic pharmacophore, was forged via a Ti(Oi-Pr)4-mediated photoenolization/Diels–Alder (PEDA) reaction between 2-isopropyl benzaldehyde and a variety of enones. A scale-up of the PEDA reaction was facilitated in an assembled continuous-flow reactor, which allowed us to overcome the issues associated with batch photochemistry. Subsequently, the synthetic natural antibiotics and their analogs would be utilized in structure–activity relationships (SAR) and mechanism studies, which should enable the discovery of new and leading antibiotic compounds.

中文翻译：

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三种天然抗生素家族的总合成：蒽苯并噻唑酮法沙霉素/萘甲霉素和贝那他汀

由于关键的细菌耐药性和抗生素危机，临床上比以往任何时候都迫切需要发现新的抗生素。事实证明，天然存在的抗生素是开发新抗菌剂必不可少的来源。在本文中，我们报告了与生物遗传相关的三个天然抗生素家族的总合成，包括蒽苯并x呤酮（ABXs），法沙霉素/萘甲霉素和贝那他汀。该合成采用发散和收敛的方法，可在6-10个步骤中大规模有效构建基本的多环骨架，然后共同合成14种天然产物及其相应类似物。天然存在的II型脂肪酸特异性缩合酶（FabF特异性）抗生素药效基团的二甲基蒽酮的核心骨架，通过Ti（Oi-Pr）4介导的2-异丙基苯甲醛与各种烯酮的光烯化/ Diels-Alder（PEDA）反应进行锻造。在组装的连续流反应器中促进了PEDA反应的规模放大，这使我们能够克服与批处理光化学相关的问题。随后，合成的天然抗生素及其类似物将用于结构-活性关系（SAR）和机理研究，这将有助于发现新的和领先的抗生素化合物。