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Nanopolystyrene translocation and fetal deposition after acute lung exposure during late-stage pregnancy
Particle and Fibre Toxicology ( IF 10 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 , DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00385-9
Sara B Fournier 1 , Jeanine N D'Errico 2 , Derek S Adler 3 , Stamatina Kollontzi 4 , Michael J Goedken 5 , Laura Fabris 4 , Edward J Yurkow 3 , Phoebe A Stapleton 1, 2
Affiliation  

Plastic is everywhere. It is used in food packaging, storage containers, electronics, furniture, clothing, and common single-use disposable items. Microplastic and nanoplastic particulates are formed from bulk fragmentation and disintegration of plastic pollution. Plastic particulates have recently been detected in indoor air and remote atmospheric fallout. Due to their small size, microplastic and nanoplastic particulate in the atmosphere can be inhaled and may pose a risk for human health, specifically in susceptible populations. When inhaled, nanosized particles have been shown to translocate across pulmonary cell barriers to secondary organs, including the placenta. However, the potential for maternal-to-fetal translocation of nanosized-plastic particles and the impact of nanoplastic deposition or accumulation on fetal health remain unknown. In this study we investigated whether nanopolystyrene particles can cross the placental barrier and deposit in fetal tissues after maternal pulmonary exposure. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 20 nm rhodamine-labeled nanopolystyrene beads (2.64 × 1014 particles) via intratracheal instillation on gestational day (GD) 19. Twenty-four hours later on GD 20, maternal and fetal tissues were evaluated using fluorescent optical imaging. Fetal tissues were fixed for particle visualization with hyperspectral microscopy. Using isolated placental perfusion, a known concentration of nanopolystyrene was injected into the uterine artery. Maternal and fetal effluents were collected for 180 min and assessed for polystyrene particle concentration. Twenty-four hours after maternal exposure, fetal and placental weights were significantly lower (7 and 8%, respectively) compared with controls. Nanopolystyrene particles were detected in the maternal lung, heart, and spleen. Polystyrene nanoparticles were also observed in the placenta, fetal liver, lungs, heart, kidney, and brain suggesting maternal lung-to-fetal tissue nanoparticle translocation in late stage pregnancy. These studies confirm that maternal pulmonary exposure to nanopolystyrene results in the translocation of plastic particles to placental and fetal tissues and renders the fetoplacental unit vulnerable to adverse effects. These data are vital to the understanding of plastic particulate toxicology and the developmental origins of health and disease.

中文翻译:

晚期妊娠急性肺暴露后纳米聚苯乙烯易位和胎儿沉积

塑料无处不在。它用于食品包装,存储容器,电子产品,家具,衣物和常见的一次性使用物品。微观塑料和纳米塑料微粒是由塑料污染的大量破碎和分解形成的。最近在室内空气和偏远的大气尘埃中发现了塑料微粒。由于它们的体积小,可以吸入大气中的微塑料和纳米塑料颗粒,并且可能对人类健康构成威胁,特别是在易感人群中。吸入后,已显示出纳米级颗粒穿过肺细胞屏障转运至包括胎盘在内的次要器官。然而,纳米塑料颗粒在母婴间转移的潜力以及纳米塑料沉积或积累对胎儿健康的影响仍然未知。在这项研究中,我们调查了母婴肺部暴露后纳米聚苯乙烯颗粒是否可以穿过胎盘屏障并沉积在胎儿组织中。在妊娠第19天,通过气管内滴注法将怀孕的Sprague Dawley大鼠暴露于20 nm罗丹明标记的纳米聚苯乙烯珠(2.64×1014颗粒)。二十四小时后,在GD 20上,使用荧光光学成像评估母体和胎儿组织。固定胎儿组织,用高光谱显微镜观察颗粒。使用隔离的胎盘灌注,将已知浓度的纳米聚苯乙烯注入子宫动脉。收集母体和胎儿流出物180分钟,并评估聚苯乙烯颗粒浓度。产妇暴露后二十四小时,胎儿和胎盘重量显着降低(分别为7%和8%,分别)与对照进行比较。在产妇的肺,心脏和脾脏中检测到纳米聚苯乙烯颗粒。在胎盘,胎儿肝,肺,心脏,肾脏和大脑中也观察到了聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒,表明孕妇在妊娠晚期从肺向胎儿组织纳米颗粒移位。这些研究证实,孕妇肺部暴露于纳米聚苯乙烯会导致塑料颗粒向胎盘和胎儿组织移位,并使胎盘单位易受不良影响。这些数据对于理解塑料颗粒毒理学以及健康和疾病的发展起源至关重要。胎儿的肝,肺,心脏,肾脏和大脑提示妊娠后期孕妇的肺对胎儿组织纳米颗粒易位。这些研究证实,孕妇肺部暴露于纳米聚苯乙烯会导致塑料颗粒向胎盘和胎儿组织移位,并使胎盘单位易受不良影响。这些数据对于理解塑料颗粒毒理学以及健康和疾病的发展起源至关重要。胎儿的肝,肺,心脏,肾脏和大脑提示妊娠后期孕妇的肺对胎儿组织纳米颗粒易位。这些研究证实,孕妇肺部暴露于纳米聚苯乙烯会导致塑料颗粒向胎盘和胎儿组织移位,并使胎盘单位易受不良影响。这些数据对于理解塑料颗粒毒理学以及健康和疾病的发展起源至关重要。
更新日期:2020-10-26
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