Electric power system state estimation is a vital part of real-time monitoring and management for power grid operations and control. With increased interest in the effects of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) and effective mitigation strategies therein, similar tools that provide situational awareness during GMD events are increasingly necessary. Therefore, a GIC estimator is developed by relating the known system parameters and measurements to the current “GIC state,” from which the GIC currents in transformers can be quickly calculated. Due to the linearity of GIC relationships, the estimator solves quickly and efficiently. The proposed methods are tested on a small example and a synthetic Texas 2000 bus scenario. These studies show the effectiveness of a GIC estimator to provide situational awareness for real-time operations, as well as sensitivity to measurement uncertainty and availability.

中文翻译：

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用于地磁扰动期间电网监测的 GIC 估计器

电力系统状态估计是电网运行和控制实时监测和管理的重要组成部分。随着人们对地磁感应电流 (GIC) 的影响以及其中的有效缓解策略越来越感兴趣，越来越需要在 GMD 事件期间提供态势感知的类似工具。因此，通过将已知系统参数和测量与当前“GIC 状态”相关联来开发 GIC 估计器，从中可以快速计算变压器中的 GIC 电流。由于 GIC 关系的线性关系，估计器可以快速有效地求解。所提出的方法在一个小例子和一个合成的 Texas 2000 总线场景上进行了测试。这些研究显示了 GIC 估算器为实时操作提供态势感知的有效性，