The interplay between the virus, infected cells and the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 is still under debate. Extending the basic model of viral dynamics we propose here a formal approach to describe the neutralizing versus weakly (or non-)neutralizing scenarios and compare with the possible effects of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The theoretical model is consistent with data available from the literature; we show that weakly neutralizing antibodies or ADE can both give rise to either final virus clearance or disease progression, but the immuno-dynamic is different in each case. Given that a significant part of the world population is already naturally immunized or vaccinated, we also discuss the implications on secondary infections infections following vaccination or in presence of immune system dysfunctions.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 适应性体液免疫模型：弱中和与抗体疾病增强方案

病毒、感染细胞和对 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫反应之间的相互作用仍在争论中。扩展病毒动力学的基本模型，我们在这里提出了一种正式的方法来描述中和与弱（或非）中和场景，并与抗体依赖性增强 (ADE) 的可能影响进行比较。理论模型与文献数据一致；我们表明，弱中和抗体或 ADE 都可以导致最终的病毒清除或疾病进展，但每种情况下的免疫动力学是不同的。鉴于世界人口的很大一部分已经自然免疫或接种疫苗，我们还讨论了疫苗接种后或存在免疫系统功能障碍对继发感染感染的影响。