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Free-living psychrophilic bacteria of the genus Psychrobacter are descendents of pathobionts
bioRxiv - Microbiology Pub Date : 2020-10-25 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.23.352302
Daphne K. Welter , Albane Ruaud , Zachariah M. Henseler , Hannah N. De Jong , Peter van Coeverden de Groot , Johan Michaux , Linda Gormezano , Jillian L. Waters , Nicholas D. Youngblut , Ruth E. Ley

Host-adapted microbiota are generally thought to have evolved from free-living ancestors. This process is in principle reversible, but examples are few. The genus Psychrobacter (family Moraxellaceae, phylum Gamma-Proteobacteria) includes species inhabiting diverse and mostly polar environments, such as sea ice and marine animals. To probe the evolutionary history of Psychrobacter, we analyzed 85 Psychrobacter strains by comparative genomics and phenotyping under 24 different growth conditions. Genome-based phylogeny shows Psychrobacter are derived from Moraxella, which are warm-adapted pathobionts. Psychrobacter strains form two ecotypes based on growth temperature: flexible (FE, growth at 4 - 37C), and restricted (RE, 4 - 25C). FE strains, which can be either phylogenetically basal or derived, have smaller genomes and higher transposon copy numbers. RE strains have larger genomes, and show genomic adaptations towards a psychrophilic lifestyle and are phylogenetically derived only. We then assessed Psychrobacter abundance in 86 mostly wild polar bear stools and tested persistence of select strains in germfree mice. Psychrobacter (both FE and RE) was enriched in stool of polar bears feeding on mammals, but only FE strains persisted in germfree mice. Together these results indicate growth at 37°C is ancestral in Psychrobacter, lost in many derived species, and likely necessary to colonize the mammalian gut.

中文翻译:

Psychrobacter属的自由生活嗜冷细菌是pathobionts的后代

通常认为适应宿主的微生物群是从自由生活的祖先进化而来的。这个过程原则上是可逆的,但是例子很少。Psychrobacter属(Moraxellaceae科,γ-Proteobacteria属)包括居住在各种不同且大多为极地环境的物种,例如海冰和海洋动物。为了探究Psychrobacter的进化历史,我们通过比较基因组学和在24种不同生长条件下的表型分析了85株Psychrobacter菌株。基于基因组的系统发育表明,精神杆菌来源于莫拉氏菌,是温暖适应的病原体。精神细菌菌株根据生长温度形成两种生态型:柔性型(FE,在4-37C下生长)和受限型(RE,在4-25C下)。可以是系统发育基础的或衍生的FE菌株,基因组较小,转座子拷贝数较高。RE菌株具有更大的基因组,并且显示出对嗜冷生活方式的基因组适应性,并且仅是系统发生的。然后,我们评估了86种野生野生北极熊粪便中的Psychrobacter丰度,并测试了无菌菌株中某些菌株的持久性。摄食哺乳动物的北极熊的粪便中富含精神细菌(包括FE和RE),但只有FE菌株在无菌小鼠中持续存在。这些结果共同表明,在Psychrobacter中,祖先在37°C下生长,在许多衍生物种中丢失,并且可能对哺乳动物的肠道定殖是必需的。然后,我们评估了86种野生野生北极熊粪便中的Psychrobacter丰度,并测试了无菌菌株中某些菌株的持久性。摄食哺乳动物的北极熊的粪便中富含精神细菌(包括FE和RE),但只有FE菌株在无菌小鼠中持续存在。这些结果加在一起表明,在Psychrobacter中,祖先在37°C下生长,在许多衍生物种中丢失,并且很可能对哺乳动物的肠道定殖。然后,我们评估了86种野生野生北极熊粪便中的Psychrobacter丰度,并测试了无菌菌株中某些菌株的持久性。摄食哺乳动物的北极熊的粪便中富含精神细菌(包括FE和RE),但只有FE菌株在无菌小鼠中持续存在。这些结果共同表明,在Psychrobacter中,祖先在37°C下生长,在许多衍生物种中丢失,并且可能对哺乳动物的肠道定殖是必需的。
更新日期:2020-10-27
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