Immune-microbe interactions early in life influence an individual's risk of developing allergies, asthma and some autoimmune disorders. Breastfeeding helps guide the development of healthy immune-microbe relationships, in part by providing nutrients to specialized microbes that in turn benefit the host and its developing immune system. Such bacteria having co-evolved with humans are associated with reduced risks of immune mediated diseases but are increasingly rare in modern societies. Here we map an immunological sequence of events, triggered by microbial colonization that distinguish children with different gut bacterial composition. Lack of bifidobacterial species is associated with elevated markers of intestinal inflammation and immune dysregulation and in a randomized trial of breastfed infants, the infant-adapted Bifidobacterium infantis EVC001 silenced intestinal Th2 and Th17 immune responses, while inducing IFNβ, and its metabolites skew T-cell polarization in vitro, from Th2 towards Th1, suggesting a healthier immune imprinting during the first critical months of life.

中文翻译：

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双歧杆菌介导的免疫系统在生命的早期留下印记

生命早期的免疫微生物相互作用会影响个体发生过敏，哮喘和某些自身免疫性疾病的风险。母乳喂养有助于指导健康的免疫微生物关系的发展，部分是通过向专门的微生物提供营养，进而使宿主及其免疫系统受益。这种与人类共同进化的细菌与免疫介导疾病的风险降低有关，但在现代社会中越来越少见。在这里，我们绘制了一个事件的免疫序列，该事件由微生物定植触发，区分了具有不同肠道细菌成分的儿童。双歧杆菌的缺乏与肠道炎症和免疫调节异常的标志物升高有关，在一项母乳喂养婴儿的随机试验中，