In global trade analyses, plants are neglected in comparison to animals. Controlling and monitoring international trade in threatened species contributes to their overall conservation. Here, an in-depth look at the dynamics of the international trade in attractive and widely traded carnivorous Old World pitcher plants (Nepenthes spp.) from their first appearance in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) Trade Database in 1983 until 2017 is presented. The current trade of Nepenthes is rapidly growing in terms of the total volume traded and the number of both species and importing countries. Most of pitcher plants are globally traded as artificially propagated live plants. The share of wild-originated live plants was only 0.09%. Hybrids and Nepenthes spp. dominated the trade, representing 61 and 15% of the total traded volume respectively, followed by N. alata and N. mirabilis. The latter species was also the most traded species from the wild. Sri Lanka is a hotspot, exporting the highest volume and number of species of live pitcher plants. Monitoring of the trade is complicated by (1) the absence of a permit obligation for seeds, seedlings and in vitro cultures, and (2) the outdated list of valid species in the CITES Checklist. Using a holistic approach with a focus on the permanent monitoring, recording and assessing of international trade is desirable.

中文翻译：

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旧世界猪笼草国际贸易的多样性和数量

在全球贸易分析中，与动物相比，植物被忽视了。控制和监测受威胁物种的国际贸易有助于它们的整体保护。在这里，从它们首次出现在《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》 (CITES) 开始，深入了解有吸引力且交易广泛的旧世界猪笼草 (Nepenthes spp.) 的国际贸易动态提供了 1983 年至 2017 年的贸易数据库。目前猪笼草的贸易量在贸易总量以及物种和进口国数量方面都在迅速增长。大多数猪笼草作为人工繁殖的活植物在全球范围内交易。野生来源的活植物的份额仅为 0.09%。杂种和猪笼草属。主导贸易，分别占总交易量的 61% 和 15%，其次是 N. alata 和 N. mirabilis。后一种物种也是野生动物交易量最大的物种。斯里兰卡是一个热点，出口数量和数量最多的活猪笼草。由于 (1) 没有种子、幼苗和体外培养物的许可义务，以及 (2) CITES 清单中的有效物种清单已过时，因此贸易监测变得复杂。使用以对国际贸易进行永久监测、记录和评估为重点的整体方法是可取的。由于 (1) 没有种子、幼苗和体外培养物的许可义务，以及 (2) CITES 清单中的有效物种清单已过时，因此贸易监测变得复杂。使用以对国际贸易进行永久监测、记录和评估为重点的整体方法是可取的。由于 (1) 缺乏种子、幼苗和体外培养物的许可义务，以及 (2) CITES 清单中的有效物种清单已过时，因此贸易监测变得复杂。使用以对国际贸易进行永久监测、记录和评估为重点的整体方法是可取的。