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Modeling of fiber-optic strain responses to hydraulic fracturing
Geophysics ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 , DOI: 10.1190/geo2020-0083.1
Zhishuai Zhang 1 , Zijun Fang 1 , Joseph Stefani 1 , James DiSiena 1 , Dimitri Bevc 1 , Ivan Lim Chen Ning 1 , Kelly Hughes 1 , Yunhui Tan 1
Affiliation  

We modeled cross-well strain/strain rate responses of fiber optic sensing, including distributed strain sensing (DSS) and low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), to hydraulic stimulation. DSS and low-frequency DAS have been used to measure strain or the strain rate to characterize hydraulic fractures. However, the current application of DSS/DAS is limited to acquisition, processing, and qualitative interpretations. The lack of geomechanical models hinders the development of the technology toward quantitative interpretation and inversion. We have developed a strategy to use the displacement discontinuity method to model the strain field around kinematically propagating fractures. For a horizontal monitoring well, modeling results were able to explain the heart-shaped extending pattern before a fracture hit, the polarity flip due to fracture interaction during stimulation, and the V-shaped pattern when a fracture does not intersect with the monitoring well. For a vertical monitoring well, modeling shows the different characters of strain rate responses when a fracture is near and far away from a vertical monitoring well. We also investigated the effects of fractures with various geometries such as elliptic and layered fractures. We compared and verified the modeling with field data from the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site 2, a research experiment performed in the Permian Basin. Our modeling work can be used to identify patterns in field observations. The results also help to improve acquisition design and lay the groundwork for quantitative interpretation and inversion.

中文翻译:

水力压裂对光纤应变响应的建模

我们对光纤传感的井间应变/应变速率响应建模,包括分布式应变传感(DSS)和低频分布式声学传感(DAS)对水力刺激的响应。DSS和低频DAS已用于测量应变或应变率以表征水力压裂。但是,DSS / DAS的当前应用仅限于采集,处理和定性解释。缺乏地质力学模型阻碍了该技术向定量解释和反演的发展。我们已经开发出一种策略,可以使用位移不连续性方法对运动扩展裂缝周围的应变场进行建模。对于水平监测井,建模结果能够解释裂缝撞击之前的心形延伸模式,由于在增产过程中裂缝相互作用而引起的极性翻转,以及裂缝不与监测井相交时的V形图案。对于垂直监测井,建模显示了当裂缝远离垂直监测井时,应变率响应的不同特征。我们还研究了具有各种几何形状(例如椭圆形和分层裂缝)的裂缝的影响。我们将二叠纪盆地水力压裂试验场2的现场数据与模型进行了比较和验证。我们的建模工作可用于识别野外观测中的模式。结果还有助于改进采集设计,并为定量解释和反演奠定基础。裂缝不与监测井相交时呈V形。对于垂直监测井,建模显示了当裂缝远离垂直监测井时,应变率响应的不同特征。我们还研究了具有各种几何形状(例如椭圆形和分层裂缝)的裂缝的影响。我们将二叠纪盆地水力压裂试验场2的现场数据与模型进行了比较和验证。我们的建模工作可用于识别野外观测中的模式。结果还有助于改进采集设计,并为定量解释和反演奠定基础。裂缝不与监测井相交时呈V形。对于垂直监测井,建模显示了当裂缝远离垂直监测井时,应变率响应的不同特征。我们还研究了具有各种几何形状(例如椭圆形和分层裂缝)的裂缝的影响。我们将二叠纪盆地水力压裂试验场2的现场数据与模型进行了比较和验证。我们的建模工作可用于识别野外观测中的模式。结果还有助于改进采集设计,并为定量解释和反演奠定基础。建模显示了当裂缝远离垂直监测井时,应变率响应的不同特征。我们还研究了具有各种几何形状(例如椭圆形和分层裂缝)的裂缝的影响。我们将二叠纪盆地水力压裂试验场2的现场数据与模型进行了比较和验证。我们的建模工作可用于识别野外观测中的模式。结果还有助于改进采集设计,并为定量解释和反演奠定基础。建模显示了当裂缝远离垂直监测井时,应变率响应的不同特征。我们还研究了具有各种几何形状(例如椭圆形和分层裂缝)的裂缝的影响。我们将二叠纪盆地水力压裂试验场2的现场数据与模型进行了比较和验证。我们的建模工作可用于识别野外观测中的模式。结果还有助于改进采集设计,并为定量解释和反演奠定基础。在二叠纪盆地进行的一项研究实验。我们的建模工作可用于识别野外观测中的模式。结果还有助于改进采集设计,并为定量解释和反演奠定基础。在二叠纪盆地进行的一项研究实验。我们的建模工作可用于识别野外观测中的模式。结果还有助于改进采集设计,并为定量解释和反演奠定基础。
更新日期:2020-10-27
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