Understanding the energy transfer dynamics in fluorescein-gold nanoparticle systems is crucial for future optoelectronic devices based on energy transfer. Dominant energy transfer mechanisms including the dipole-dipole (FRET) and dipole-surface energy transfer (SET) are investigated. We have compared the measured performance values with the theoretical predictions for both FRET and SET models, specifically the importance of interactions between various scales. It has been shown that the highly sensitive FRET process is limited and focused on the Förster radius range (R₀), while the high efficiency of the SET over longer distances provides better resolution than the FRET process. The detection and quantitation of the energy transfer mechanism might be to playing a critical role in improving spatial resolution, distance range, and spectral sensitivity for biophysical studies.

Graphical abstract

了解荧光素-金纳米颗粒系统中的能量转移动力学对于基于能量转移的未来光电器件至关重要。研究了主要的能量转移机制，包括偶极子-偶极子（FRET）和偶极子表面能转移（SET）。我们将测得的性能值与FRET和SET模型的理论预测进行了比较，特别是各种规模之间相互作用的重要性。结果表明，高度敏感的FRET过程受到限制，并且集中在Förster半径范围（R ₀），而SET在较长距离上的高效率提供了比FRET过程更好的分辨率。能量转移机制的检测和定量可能对提高空间分辨率，距离范围和生物物理研究的光谱敏感性起着至关重要的作用。

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