This study reports that parathymosin (PTMS) is secreted by hypothalamic stem/progenitor cells (htNSC) to inhibit senescence of recipient cells such as fibroblasts. Upon release, PTMS is rapidly transferred into the nuclei of various cell types, including neuronal GT1-7 cells and different peripheral cells, and it is effectively transferred into neuronal nuclei in various brain regions in vivo. Notably, brain neurons also produce and release PTMS, and because neuronal populations are large, they are important for maintaining PTMS in the cerebrospinal fluid which is further transferable into the blood. Compared with several other brain regions, the hypothalamus is stronger for long-distance PTMS transfer, supporting a key hypothalamic role in this function. In physiology, aging is associated with declines in PTMS production and transfer in the brain, and ptms knockdown in the hypothalamus versus hippocampus were studied showing different contributions to neurobehavioral physiology. In conclusion, the brain is an endocrine organ through secretion and nuclear transfer of PTMS, and the hypothalamus-brain orchestration of this function is protective in physiology and counteractive against aging-related disorders.

中文翻译：

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大脑是通过分泌和核转移副胸腺素的内分泌器官。

这项研究报告说，下丘脑干/祖细胞（htNSC）分泌副胸腺肽（PTMS），以抑制受体细胞（如成纤维细胞）的衰老。释放后，PTMS迅速转移到各种细胞类型的核中，包括神经元GT1-7细胞和不同的外周细胞，并且在体内将其有效转移到神经元的各种大脑区域中。值得注意的是，脑神经元也产生和释放PTMS，并且由于神经元群体很大，它们对于维持PTMS在可进一步转移到血液中的脑脊髓液中很重要。与其他几个大脑区域相比，下丘脑更适合长距离PTMS传输，支持下丘脑在此功能中的关键作用。在生理学上，衰老与PTMS的产生和在大脑中转移的减少有关，研究了下丘脑与海马中的ptms敲低对神经行为生理的不同贡献。总之，大脑是通过PTMS的分泌和核转移而成为内分泌器官的，而下丘脑-大脑协调功能在生理学上具有保护作用，并能对抗衰老相关疾病。