Butyrate is a bioactive molecule produced by the intestinal flora and plays a major role in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that butyrate can regulate the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Coincidentally, it reduces hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, which are major risk factors of AS. However, the mechanism by which butyrate regulates the development of AS remains unclear. In this article, we review the effect of butyrate treatment on AS with a focus on the mechanisms of butyrate-mediated modulation of several atherosclerotic processes. These include the improvement of monocyte–endothelial interactions, macrophage lipid accumulation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and lymphocyte differentiation and function. The existing research indicates that butyrate treatment may be a potentially effective strategy for the prevention of AS. Identity and underlying mechanisms of the molecular pathways of these interactions should be explored in the future to counter AS effectively.

中文翻译：

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丁酸盐在动脉粥样硬化疾病中的作用和作用机制：综述

丁酸盐是一种由肠道菌群产生的生物活性分子，在多种炎症性疾病中起着重要作用。越来越多的证据表明，丁酸盐可以调节动脉粥样硬化（AS）的发生和发展。巧合的是，它降低了高脂血症和高血糖症，它们是 AS 的主要危险因素。然而，丁酸盐调节AS发展的机制尚不清楚。在本文中，我们回顾了丁酸盐治疗对 AS 的影响，重点是丁酸盐介导的几种动脉粥样硬化过程的调节机制。这些包括改善单核细胞-内皮相互作用、巨噬细胞脂质积累、平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移以及淋巴细胞分化和功能。现有研究表明，丁酸盐治疗可能是预防 AS 的潜在有效策略。未来应探索这些相互作用的分子途径的特性和潜在机制，以有效对抗 AS。