The peach fruit moth (PFM), Carposina sasakii Matsumura, is a major phytophagous orchard pest widely distributed across Northeast Asia. Here, we report the chromosome‐level genome for the PFM, representing the first genome for the family Carposinidae, from the lepidopteran superfamily Copromorphoidea. The genome was assembled into 404.83 Mb sequences using PacBio long‐read and Illumina short‐read sequences, including 275 contigs, with a contig N50 length of 2.62 Mb. All contigs were assembled into 31 linkage groups assisted by the Hi‐C technique, including 30 autosomes and a Z chromosome. BUSCO analysis showed that 98.3% of genes were complete and 0.4% of genes were fragmented, while 1.3% of genes were missing in the assembled genome. In total, 21,697 protein‐coding genes were predicted, of which 84.80% were functionally annotated. Because of the importance of diapause triggered by photoperiod in PFM, five circadian genes in the PFM as well as in the other related species were annotated, and potential genes related to diapause and photoperiodic reaction were also identified from transcriptome sequencing. In addition, manual annotation of detoxification gene families was undertaken and showed a higher number of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) gene in PFM than in most other lepidopterans, in contrast to a lower number of uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene, carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCE) gene and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) gene, suggesting different detoxication pathways in this moth. The high‐quality genome provides a resource for comparative evolutionary studies of this moth and its relatives within the context of radiations across Lepidoptera.

中文翻译：

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桃果蛾 Carposina sasakii（鳞翅目：Carposinidae）的染色体水平基因组为蛾类进化研究提供了资源

桃果蛾 (PFM), Carposina sasakii松村是一种主要的植食性果园害虫，广泛分布于东北亚。在这里，我们报告了 PFM 的染色体水平基因组，代表来自鳞翅目超科 Copromorphoidea 的 Carposinidae 科的第一个基因组。使用 PacBio 长读长和 Illumina 短读长序列将基因组组装成 404.83 Mb 序列，包括 275 个重叠群，重叠群 N50 长度为 2.62 Mb。在 Hi-C 技术的协助下，所有重叠群被组装成 31 个连锁群，包括 30 个常染色体和一个 Z 染色体。BUSCO分析显示98.3%的基因是完整的，0.4%的基因是片段化的，而组装的基因组中有1.3%的基因缺失。总共预测了 21,697 个蛋白质编码基因，其中 84.80% 被功能注释。由于光周期触发滞育在 PFM 中的重要性，PFM 以及其他相关物种中的五个昼夜节律基因被注释，并且还从转录组测序中鉴定了与滞育和光周期反应相关的潜在基因。此外，还对解毒基因家族进行了手动注释，结果显示 PFM 中谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST) 基因的数量高于大多数其他鳞翅目昆虫，而尿苷二磷酸 (UDP)-糖基转移酶 (UGT) 的数量较少基因、羧基/胆碱酯酶 (CCE) 基因和细胞色素 P450 单加氧酶 (P450) 基因，表明这种蛾有不同的解毒途径。高质量的基因组为这种蛾及其近亲在鳞翅目辐射背景下的比较进化研究提供了资源。