Current crop protection strategies against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea rely on a combination of conventional fungicides and host genetic resistance. However, due to pathogen evolution and legislation in the use of fungicides, these strategies are not sufficient to protect plants against this pathogen. Defence elicitors can stimulate plant defence mechanisms through a phenomenon known as defence priming. Priming results in a faster and/or stronger expression of resistance upon pathogen recognition by the host. This work aims to study defence priming by a commercial formulation of the elicitor chitosan. Treatments with chitosan result in induced resistance (IR) in solanaceous and brassicaceous plants. In tomato plants, enhanced resistance has been linked with priming of callose deposition and accumulation of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA). Large‐scale transcriptomic analysis revealed that chitosan primes gene expression at early time‐points after infection. In addition, two novel tomato genes with a characteristic priming profile were identified, Avr9/Cf‐9 rapidly elicited protein 75 (ACRE75) and 180 (ACRE180). Transient and stable over‐expression of ACRE75, ACRE180 and their Nicotiana benthamiana homologs, revealed that they are positive regulators of plant resistance against B. cinerea. This provides valuable information in the search for strategies to protect Solanaceae plants against B. cinerea.

中文翻译：

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壳聚糖引发了针对灰葡萄孢的植物防御机制，包括表达Avr9 / Cf-9快速诱导的基因

当前针对真菌病原体灰葡萄孢的作物保护策略依赖于常规杀菌剂和宿主遗传抗性的组合。然而，由于病原体的进化和使用杀真菌剂的立法，这些策略不足以保护植物免受该病原体的侵害。防御诱导剂可以通过一种称为防御引发的现象来刺激植物防御机制。引发导致病原体被宿主识别时更快和/或更强的抗性表达。这项工作旨在研究激发剂壳聚糖的商业配方引发的防御。壳聚糖处理导致茄科和芸苔科植物的诱导抗性（IR）。在番茄植物中，增强的抗性与引发愈伤组织沉积和植物激素茉莉酸（JA）积累有关。大规模的转录组学分析显示，壳聚糖在感染后的较早时间点启动了基因表达。此外，还鉴定了两个具有特异引物特征的新型番茄基因，Avr9 / Cf-9快速诱导了蛋白质75（ACRE75）和180（ACRE180）。ACRE75，ACRE180及其本生烟草同源物的瞬时稳定表达过高表明它们是植物抗灰葡萄孢的正调节剂。这为寻找茄科植物抵抗灰质芽孢杆菌的策略提供了有价值的信息。