This paper examines the impacts of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) Mode on the upper ocean carbon cycle and its variability in the Indian Ocean with available biogeochemical observations and 60 years (1960–2019) of model outputs from a global ocean biogeochemical general circulation model. The upper ocean carbon cycle variability of the Indian Ocean is faithfully reproduced by the model when compared with available observations. The IOD leads to a substantial sea‐to‐air CO₂ flux variability in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean over a broad region (70–105°E, 0–20°S), with more focus near the coast of Java‐Sumatra due to the prevailing upwelling dynamics and associated westward propagating anomalies. The sea‐to‐air CO₂ fluxes, surface ocean partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and ocean alkalinity (ALK) range as much as ±1.0 mole m⁻² year⁻¹, ±20 μatm, ±35 μmole kg⁻¹, and ±22 μmole kg⁻¹ within 80–105°E, 0–10°S due to IOD. The DIC and ALK are significant drivers of pCO₂ variability associated with IOD. The roles of temperature (T) and biology are found negligible. A relatively warm T and extremely high freshwater forcing make the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean carbon cycle variability submissive to DIC and ALK evolutions in contrast to the tropical eastern Pacific where changes in DIC and T dominate the pCO₂ interannual variability. For the first time, this study provides a most comprehensive and extended analysis for the region while highlighting significant differences in carbon cycle variability of the eastern tropical Indian Ocean compared to that of the other parts of the global oceans.

中文翻译：

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IOD对印度洋碳循环的影响

本文利用可获得的生物地球化学观测资料和全球海洋生物地球化学总循环模型的60年（1960-2019年）模型输出，研究了印度洋偶极子（IOD）模式对印度洋上层碳循环的影响及其变化。与现有观测值相比，该模型如实再现了印度洋的上层海洋碳循环变化。IOD导致东南热带印度洋在大范围区域（70-105°E，0-20°S）内海空CO ₂通量变化很大，由于在爪哇-苏门答腊海岸附近存在更多的关注点普遍存在的上升动力和相关的向西传播异常。海-空气CO ₂ CO的通量，表面海洋分压₂（pCO ₂），溶解的无机碳（DIC）的浓度和海洋碱度（ALK）的范围高达±1.0 mol m - ² 年^-1，±20μatm，±35μmolkg ^-1和±22μmol kg ^-1在80–105°E，0–10°S以内，因为IOD。DIC和ALK是与IOD相关的pCO ₂变异性的重要驱动因素。发现温度（T）和生物学的作用可忽略不计。相对温暖的T和极高的淡水强迫使东南热带印度洋的碳循环变异性服从DIC和ALK的演化，而热带东太平洋则DIC和T的变化主导着pCO _2。年际变化。这项研究首次为该地区提供了最全面，最广泛的分析，同时强调了东部热带印度洋的碳循环变异性与全球其他地区相比的显着差异。