Milk serves as the sole nutrition for newborns, as well as a medium for the transfer of immunological components from the mother to the baby. This study reveals different glycoprotein profiles obtained from human, bovine, and caprine milk and their potential roles in supporting infant growth. Proteins from these three milk samples are separated and analyzed using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). Glycosylated proteins from all samples are enriched by affinity chromatography using lectins from the seeds of Artocarpus integer before analysis using LC/MS‐QTOF. The glycoproteome profiling demonstrates that glycosylated proteins are higher in caprine milk compared to other samples. Analysis using LC/MS‐QTOF identified 42 O‐glycosylated and 56 N‐glycosylated proteins, respectively. Among those identified, human milk has 17 glycoproteins, which are both O‐ and N‐glycosylated, whereas caprine and bovine have 10 and 1, respectively. Only glycoproteins from human milk have shown positive matching to important human biological pathways, such as vesicle‐mediated transport, immune system and hemostasis pathways. Human milk remains unique for human babies with the presence of antibodies in the form of immunoglobulins that are lacking in ruminant milk proteomes.

中文翻译：

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不同哺乳动物乳汁中O-和N-连接糖蛋白的分离和鉴定及其在支持婴儿生长的生物途径中的作用

牛奶是新生儿的唯一营养，也是将免疫成分从母亲转移到婴儿的媒介。这项研究揭示了从人乳、牛乳和山羊乳中获得的不同糖蛋白谱及其在支持婴儿生长方面的潜在作用。使用二维凝胶电泳 (2-DE) 分离和分析这三种牛奶样品中的蛋白质。在使用 LC/MS-QTOF 进行分析之前，所有样品中的糖基化蛋白质都通过亲和层析使用来自Artocarpus integer种子的凝集素进行富集。糖蛋白组分析表明，与其他样品相比，山羊奶中的糖基化蛋白质含量更高。使用 LC/MS-QTOF 的分析鉴定了 42 O-糖基化和 56 N-糖基化蛋白质，分别。在鉴定出的那些中，人乳有 17 种糖蛋白，它们都是O - 和N -糖基化的，而山羊和牛分别有 10 和 1 种糖蛋白。只有来自人乳的糖蛋白显示出与重要的人类生物学通路（如囊泡介导的转运、免疫系统和止血通路）的正匹配。人乳对于人类婴儿来说仍然是独一无二的，因为存在反刍动物乳蛋白质组中缺乏的免疫球蛋白形式的抗体。