Podzols that have developed on glacial and periglacial features provide the opportunity to reconstruct glacial evolution after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) using different soil indices. Analysing 17 soils classified as podzol, we used the crystallinity ratio of free iron oxides (CRF) on both the A and Bs horizons, and absolute ages for the same landforms containing the soil profile, to create dating curves. Two equations were generated: age = 4566.9 × ln (CRF) + 1760 (1), and age = 3907 × ln (CRF) + 3508.2 (2). The reliability of the curves was evaluated with the Fe_o/Fe_d ratio, and with the difference of ages calculated using both equations. Equation (2) is considered more reliable because the A horizon may be influenced by new pedogenesis on the pre‐existing podzol, leading to the development of a new type of soil. By dating the soils, we reconstructed the glacial history of the three main upper branches of the LGM Adda Glacier in the Central Italian Alps, specifically the Stelvio Pass area (ST), Gavia Pass area (GV), and the Val Viola valley (VV). Seven glacial advances were identified at 16.7–14.7 ka (phase I), 12.3 ka (phase II), 11 ka (phase III), 10–9.7 ka (phase IV), 9 ka (phase V), 7.5 ka (phase VI) and 5.3 ka (phase VII). The first five phases are chronologically similar to the main Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene phases recorded in the Central European Alps. The last two Holocene phases, which are both longer in duration than the Little Ice Age, are recorded in ST and GV. Interestingly, these phases generally are not recorded in the rest of the Central European Alps, where the late Holocene glaciers were smaller than their present size.

中文翻译：

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利用铁化学分析器皿确定意大利中部阿尔卑斯山晚更新世-全新世冰消作用的历史

根据冰川和周冰期特征发展的Podzols提供了使用不同的土壤指数重建最后一次冰期最大值（LGM）之后的冰川演化的机会。分析了17种分类为Podzol的土壤，我们使用了A和Bs水平上的游离氧化铁（CRF）的结晶度比，以及包含土壤剖面的同一地貌的绝对年龄来创建测年曲线。生成了两个方程：年龄= 4566.9×ln（CRF）+ 1760（1），以及年龄= 3907×ln（CRF）+ 3508.2（2）。用Fe _o / Fe _d评估曲线的可靠性比率，以及使用两个方程式计算得出的年龄差异。等式（2）被认为是更可靠的，因为A层可能会受到先前Podzol上新的成岩作用的影响，从而导致了新型土壤的发展。通过对土壤进行测年，我们重建了意大利中部阿尔卑斯山LGM Adda冰川的三个主要上部分支的冰川历史，特别是Stelvio Pass地区（ST），Gavia Pass地区（GV）和Val Viola山谷（VV） ）。识别出七次冰川进展，分别为16.7-14.7 ka（第一阶段），12.3 ka（第二阶段），11 ka（第三阶段），10-9.7 ka（第四阶段），9 ka（第五阶段），7.5 ka（第六阶段） ）和5.3 ka（第七阶段）。前五个阶段在时间上与中欧阿尔卑斯山记录的晚更新世-早全新世主要阶段相似。最后两个全新世阶段，持续时间都比小冰河时期长的时间记录在ST和GV中。有趣的是，中欧阿尔卑斯山的其余部分通常没有记录到这些阶段，那里的全新世晚期冰川小于它们的当前大小。