The development and commercialization of extra‐early quality protein maize (QPM)–provitamin A (PVA) hybrids that are tolerant of low soil N (LN) and Striga resistant are essential for addressing the food insecurity and undernourishment challenges currently faced by sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). This study was designed (a) to determine the genetic effects regulating grain yield (GY) and important secondary traits of extra‐early yellow and orange QPM–PVA inbred lines under LN, Striga‐infested, and high‐N (HN) conditions, (b) to investigate whether maternal genes influenced the inheritance of GY and other secondary traits, (c) to assess the GY and stability of the hybrids across the three management conditions, and (d) to examine the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker‐based genetic distances and GY. Twenty‐four inbred lines were used to produce ninety‐six single cross hybrids using the North Carolina Design II. The performance of the hybrids plus four checks was assessed across LN, Striga‐infested, and HN management conditions in Ghana and Nigeria in 2018. Additive genetic variances were preponderant over nonadditive genetic variances for GY and most secondary traits in each and across environments. TZEEQI 358 exhibited significant and positive male and female GCA effects for GY under LN, Striga infestation, HN, and across management conditions indicating that favorable alleles for GY could be donated by TZEEQI 358. Maternal effects regulated the inheritance of plant height under the Striga‐infested conditions. Genetic distances were associated with GY under LN, Striga infestation, and HN conditions. TZEEIORQ 58 × TZEEQI 397 demonstrated high GY and stability of performance; therefore, it should be further tested under multiple environments for commercialization.

中文翻译：

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低氮和独脚金侵染下超早熟黄色和橙色优质蛋白玉米自交系及其衍生杂种的遗传学


耐低氮（LN）和抗独脚金的超早熟优质蛋白玉米（QPM）-维生素A原（PVA）杂交品种的开发和商业化对于解决撒哈拉以南地区目前面临的粮食不安全和营养不良挑战至关重要非洲（SSA）。本研究的目的是 (a) 确定在 LN、独脚金侵染和高氮 (HN) 条件下调节超早黄和橙色 QPM-PVA 自交系的谷物产量 (GY) 和重要次要性状的遗传效应， (b) 研究母本基因是否影响 GY 和其他次要性状的遗传，(c) 评估三种管理条件下杂种的 GY 和稳定性，以及 (d) 检查单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 之间的关系）基于标记的遗传距离和GY。使用北卡罗来纳州设计 II，使用二十四个自交系生产九十六个单交杂种。 2018 年，在加纳和尼日利亚的 LN、 Striga感染和 HN 管理条件下，对杂交品种的表现加上四次检查进行了评估。在每个环境和跨环境中，GY 和大多数次要性状的加性遗传方差优于非加性遗传方差。 TZEEQI 358 在 LN、独脚金侵染、HN 和跨管理条件下对 GY 表现出显着且积极的雄性和雌性 GCA 效应，表明 TZEEQI 358 可以捐赠对 GY 有利的等位基因。母体效应调节独脚金下株高的遗传。受感染的条件。遗传距离与 LN、 Striga侵染和 HN 条件下的 GY 相关。 TZEEIORQ 58 × ZEEQI 397表现出高GY和性能稳定性；因此，还需要在多种环境下进行进一步测试才能商业化。