This review provides a synthesis of what is currently known about the natural and anthropogenic fluxes of fluorine on Earth, offering context for an evaluation of the growing environmental impact of human‐induced F mobilization and use. The largest flux of F at the Earth's surface derives from the mobilization of F during chemical (2.2 Tg F/yr (where 1 Tg = 10¹² g) and mechanical (7 Tg F/yr) weathering of rocks. Humans supplement these fluxes by mining fluorospar and apatite ores to make a variety of industrial chemicals and fertilizers, mobilizing 2.9 and 7.6 Tg F/yr, respectively. Other large anthropogenic fluxes derive from the manufacture of bricks (1.8 Tg F/yr) and extraction of groundwater (0.9 to 1.7 Tg F/yr). Rivers deliver ~3.6 Tg/yr of dissolved fluoride to the oceans, where the mean residence time of dissolved F in seawater is ~500,000 yr. F is removed from the oceans by the deposition of terrigenous (4.3 Tg F/yr) and authigenic sediments (1.24 Tg F/yr), and approximately 10 Tg F/yr is removed from the surface of the Earth by subduction of the oceanic lithosphere. Humans have increased the flux of F to the atmosphere and in rivers by more than a factor of 2, with the largest impacts stemming from the use of phosphorus fertilizers, the production of brick, and extraction of groundwater. Despite their well‐documented toxicity, perfluoroalkyl substances make only a small contribution to F emitted to the atmosphere and natural waters.

中文翻译：

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氟的全球生物地球化学循环

这篇综述提供了关于氟在地球上的自然和人为通量的最新知识的综合，为评估人类诱导的F的动员和使用对环境的日益增长的影响提供了背景。F在地球表面的最大通量来自化学过程中F的动员（2.2 Tg F / yr（其中1 Tg = 10 ¹² g）和岩石的机械风化（7 Tg F / yr）。人类通过开采氟石和磷灰石矿石来补充这些通量，以制造各种工业化学品和化肥，分别动员2.9和7.6 Tg F / yr。其他较大的人为通量来自砖的制造（1.8 Tg F / yr）和地下水的提取（0.9至1.7 Tg F / yr）。河流每年向海洋输送约3.6 Tg的溶解氟化物，那里溶解的F在海水中的平均停留时间为〜500,000 yr。通过陆源性（4.3 Tg F / yr）和自生沉积物（1.24 Tg F / yr）的沉积，F被从海洋中清除，大洋岩石圈的俯冲从地球表面清除了约10 Tg F / yr。 。人类将F向大气和河流的通量增加了2倍以上。影响最大的是磷肥的使用，砖的生产和地下水的开采。尽管有充分记录的毒性，但全氟烷基物质对排放到大气和天然水中的F的贡献很小。