Fire causes dramatic energy and matter exchanges between biosphere and atmosphere on a regional to global scale. Predicting fires, however, is hindered by the complex interplay of fire, climate, and vegetation. Paleo‐fire records provide critical information beyond instrumental records that cover only the past few decades and may be used to assess the role of fire in large‐scale and long‐term environmental changes. Here we present a 22,000‐year multiproxy record of fire regime from a sediment core retrieved offshore South Java, Indonesia. We use microcharcoal in combination with two molecular markers of burning, levoglucosan and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, to reconstruct fire occurrence as well as fire intensity in the past. We show that fire occurrence and intensity were high during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; around 21,000 years ago) and low during the Heinrich Stadial 1 and the early Holocene. Both fire regime and vegetation in tropical regions with high annual rainfall were primarily controlled by rainfall seasonality. However, fire additionally stabilized the savannah (rainforest)‐dominated ecosystem during the LGM (early Holocene) but caused transitions between the two vegetation types during the deglaciation and the late Holocene.

中文翻译：

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热带生态系统中火，植被和气候的相互作用：过去22,000年的多代理研究

火在区域乃至全球范围内引起生物圈与大气层之间剧烈的能量和物质交换。但是，火灾，气候和植被之间复杂的相互作用阻碍了火灾的预测。古火记录所提供的重要信息超出了仅涵盖过去几十年的仪器记录，可用于评估火在大规模和长期环境变化中的作用。在这里，我们展示了从印度尼西亚南爪哇岛近海取回的沉积物岩心中22,000年的火情记录。我们将微木炭与燃烧的两个分子标记（左葡萄糖葡聚糖和多环芳烃）结合使用，以重建过去的火灾发生和火灾强度。我们显示，在最后一次冰河期（LGM）期间，火灾的发生和强度很高。000年前），在海因里希球场1和早期全新世时期处于低位。年降雨量高的热带地区的火情和植被都主要受降雨季节的控制。然而，在LGM（全新世早期）期间，大火还稳定了以热带草原（雨林）为主的生态系统，但在冰消融化和全新世晚期，导致了两种植被类型之间的过渡。