This study deals with the effects of climate fluctuations and anthropogenic impacts on fisheries of Paraná River over the last 100 years. It is the first attempt to appraise the influence of hydro‐climatic and anthropogenic variables on the population changes of the most important inland fisheries of Argentina. Datasets covering more than eight decades (1935–2016) of a number of frequent and abundant commercial species inhabiting the main channel as well as the large floodplain of Paraná River were used. Our results suggest that fish catches and structure changed over time. Long and short‐term changes and reductions were closely related to fluctuations of 18 hydro‐climatic variables. Positive effects on the ichthyofauna were recorded during humid periods (1930–1940 and 1970–2000), when the frequency of large spring–summer floods increased. An increase in anthropic impacts (accounted for with nine variables) were recorded during the last two decades. We highlight the usefulness of the approach to support the management of the resources, ensuring sustainability of commercial fish assemblages and the long‐term conservation of biodiversity in big rivers.

中文翻译：

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洪泛区河中水文气候和人为影响对商业渔业长期变化的影响

这项研究探讨了过去100年中气候波动和人为影响对巴拉那河渔业的影响。这是评估水文气候和人为因素对阿根廷最重要的内陆渔业种群变化的影响的首次尝试。使用的数据集涵盖了八十多年来（1935年至2016年）居住在主要河道以及巴拉那河的大洪泛区的许多频繁而丰富的商业物种。我们的结果表明，鱼的捕获和结构随时间而变化。长期和短期的变化和减少与18个水文气候变量的波动密切相关。在潮湿的时期（1930–1940和1970–2000）记录了对鱼嘴鱼的积极影响，当时春夏大洪水的频率增加。在过去的二十年中，人类活动的影响有所增加（有九个变量）。我们强调了这种方法在支持资源管理，确保商业鱼群的可持续性以及大河流中生物多样性的长期保护方面的有用性。