The rearing of fish in intensive systems reduces their immunity leading to eruption of diseases, consequently prompting the use of antibiotics. Antibiotics are currently used in cultured fish globally to treat/prevent diseases. On the one hand, antibiotics used in aquaculture help to improve fish health by killing or inhibiting pathogenic bacteria proliferation. However, on the other hand, they cause multiple side effects. To date, information on systemic effects of antibiotics in cultured fish is scattered and their potential human health risk remains elusive. This review critically analyses and discusses the available information in the literature on the positive and negative effects of antibiotics in cultured fish and their potential human health risk via fish consumption. The review found 44 different antibiotics dominated by oxytetracycline were studied in various fish species worldwide. Antibiotics used in global aquaculture either decrease or increase fish growth and survival rates. They induce oxidative stress, which affect antioxidant and detoxification responses and cause host–microbiota dysbiosis. These changes compromise the fish immunity system, which ultimately lead to cellular damage. The toxicities generated inhibit the fish aerobic glycolysis, suppress lipogenesis and fatty acid β‐oxidation while increase energy demand by initiating gluconeogenesis and anaerobic glycolysis. Consumption of fish treated with antibiotics causes human health risk. Future studies are required on agents to restore dysfunctions induced by antibiotics in cultured fish, while attempts to limit their utilisation in aquaculture production are underway. [Correction added on 21 November 2020, after first online publication: The abstract has been amended to clarify the scope of the review.]

中文翻译：

---

对养殖鱼类中抗生素的系统性影响及其潜在人类健康风险的全球分析：综述

在集约化系统中养鱼会降低其免疫力，导致疾病爆发，因此促使使用抗生素。抗生素目前在全球养殖鱼类中用于治疗/预防疾病。一方面，在水产养殖中使用的抗生素通过杀死或抑制病原菌的增殖来帮助改善鱼类健康。但是，另一方面，它们会引起多种副作用。迄今为止，关于养殖鱼类中抗生素的全身作用的信息还很分散，其潜在的人类健康风险仍然难以捉摸。这篇评论评论性地分析和讨论了文献中有关养殖鱼类中抗生素的正面和负面影响及其通过食用鱼类对人类健康的潜在风险的现有信息。该评论发现，在世界各地的各种鱼类中研究了44种以土霉素为主要成分的抗生素。全球水产养殖中使用的抗生素会降低或提高鱼类的生长率和成活率。它们诱导氧化应激，从而影响抗氧化剂和排毒反应，并导致宿主菌群失调。这些变化损害了鱼类的免疫系统，最终导致细胞损伤。产生的毒性抑制鱼类需氧糖酵解，抑制脂肪生成和脂肪酸β-氧化，同时通过启动糖异生和厌氧糖酵解增加能量需求。食用经过抗生素处理的鱼会导致人类健康风险。需要进一步的研究以恢复养殖鱼类中由抗生素引起的功能障碍的药物，正在尝试限制其在水产养殖生产中的利用。[在首次在线发布后，于2020年11月21日添加了更正：对摘要进行了修改，以阐明审查的范围。]