According to reports of the international agency for cancer on research, although malignant melanoma shows less prevalence than nonmelanoma skin cancers, it is the major cause of skin cancer mortality. Given that, the production of effective vaccines to control melanoma is eminently required. In this regard, DNA-based vaccines have been extensively investigated for melanoma therapy. DNA vaccines are capable of inducing both cellular and humoral branches of immune responses. These vaccines possess some valuable advantages such as lack of severe side effects and high stability compared to conventional vaccination methods. The ongoing studies are focused on novel strategies in the development of DNA vaccines encoding artificial polyepitope immunogens based on the multiple melanoma antigens, the inclusion of molecular adjuvants to increase the level of immune responses, and the improvement of delivery approaches. In this review, we have outlined the recent advances in the field of melanoma DNA vaccines and described their implications in clinical trials as a strong strategy in the prevention and control of melanoma.

中文翻译：

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黑色素瘤 DNA 疫苗策略


根据国际癌症研究机构的报告，尽管恶性黑色素瘤的患病率低于非黑色素瘤皮肤癌，但它是皮肤癌死亡的主要原因。鉴于此，迫切需要生产有效的疫苗来控制黑色素瘤。在这方面，基于 DNA 的疫苗已被广泛研究用于黑色素瘤治疗。 DNA 疫苗能够诱导细胞和体液免疫反应。与传统的疫苗接种方法相比，这些疫苗具有一些有价值的优点，例如没有严重的副作用和高稳定性。正在进行的研究重点是开发编码基于多种黑色素瘤抗原的人工多表位免疫原的 DNA 疫苗的新策略、包含分子佐剂以提高免疫反应水平以及改进递送方法。在这篇综述中，我们概述了黑色素瘤 DNA 疫苗领域的最新进展，并描述了它们作为预防和控制黑色素瘤的强有力策略在临床试验中的影响。