Hybridization and admixture can threaten the genetic integrity of populations and be of particular concern to endangered species. Hybridization between grey wolves and dogs has been documented in many wolf populations worldwide and is a prominent example of human‐mediated hybridization between a domesticated species and its wild relative. We analysed whole‐genome sequences from >200 wolves and >100 dogs to study admixture in Fennoscandian wolf populations. A principal component analysis of genetic variation and Admixture showed that wolves and dogs were well‐separated, without evidence for introgression. Analyses of local ancestry revealed that wolves had <1% mixed ancestry, levels comparable to the degree of mixed ancestry in many dogs, and likely not resulting from recent wolf–dog hybridization. We also show that the founders of the Scandinavian wolf population were genetically inseparable from Finnish and Russian Karelian wolves, pointing at the geographical origin of contemporary Scandinavian wolves. Moreover, we found Scandinavian‐born animals among wolves sampled in Finland, demonstrating bidirectional gene flow between the Scandinavian Peninsula and eastern countries. The low incidence of admixture between wolves and dogs in Fennoscandia may be explained by the fact that feral dogs are rare in this part of Europe and that careful monitoring and management act to remove hybrids before they backcross into wolf populations.

中文翻译：

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全基因组分析没有提供狗基因渗入芬诺斯坎迪亚狼种群的证据


杂交和混合可能威胁种群的遗传完整性，并且特别值得关注濒临灭绝的物种。灰狼和狗之间的杂交已在世界各地的许多狼种群中得到记录，这是人类介导的驯化物种与其野生近缘种之间杂交的一个突出例子。我们分析了超过 200 只狼和超过 100 只狗的全基因组序列，以研究芬诺斯坎迪亚狼种群的混合情况。遗传变异和混合的主成分分析表明，狼和狗分离良好，没有基因渗入的证据。对当地血统的分析显示，狼的混合血统比例<1%，其水平与许多狗的混合血统程度相当，而且很可能不是最近狼与狗杂交的结果。我们还表明，斯堪的纳维亚狼种群的创始人在基因上与芬兰和俄罗斯卡累利阿狼密不可分，这表明了当代斯堪的纳维亚狼的地理起源。此外，我们在芬兰采样的狼中发现了斯堪的纳维亚出生的动物，这证明了斯堪的纳维亚半岛和东部国家之间的双向基因流动。芬诺斯坎迪亚地区狼与狗杂交的发生率较低，这可能是因为野狗在欧洲这一地区很少见，而且在杂种与狼群回交之前采取了仔细的监测和管理措施以将其清除。