Halite sequences in the geological record accumulated in deep hypersaline basins. However, such halite sequences are interpreted based on modern analogues of halite deposition in shallow hypersaline environments. Recently, halite deposition in the deep, hypersaline Dead Sea has been studied together with its coeval environmental and limnogeological forcing. This is the closest modern analogue for deep environments. Therefore, stratigraphy, sedimentology and petrography of a well‐dated, high‐resolution modern Dead Sea halite sequence are explored. The sequence was deposited during a ca 30 m lake‐level decline since the onset of modern halite deposition in 1980, and was compared with sub‐annual lake levels, precipitation and flood records. The sedimentology of the sequence documents the trend of shallowing water depth, including individual floods. The sequence base is composed of alternating bottom growth‐cumulate halite annual couplets, typical of deep hypolimnetic water deposition. Up‐sequence, the annual couplets disappear and towards its top are composed of cumulate layers with dissolution features, typical of shallow epilimnetic water deposition. Halite deposition rate is reduced by 60% at the shallow lakefloor compared with the deep lakefloor, mainly due to the summer undersaturation that leads to depocentre ‘halite focusing'. The top of the sequence contains shoreline deposits, halolites (halite ooids) and polygonal surface cracks, indicating subaerial exposure. This study shows petrographic indicators for summer thermal dissolution (partially dissolved crystals), which are distinct from dissolution features by winter floods that generate a regional truncation surface. Spatial variations in halite thickness and facies, indicating much thinner and spatially limited halite units compared to modelled halite units based on mass balance considerations were also observed. These observations provide criteria for: (i) recognizing water depths and shallowing lake‐level trends from halite sequences throughout the geological record; and (ii) interpreting palaeolimnology, water column structure and the relations between stratigraphic horizons and corresponding shorelines.

中文翻译：

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死海水位下降下形成的现代岩盐层序的沉积学和地层学

地质记录中的卤石序列积累在深高盐度盆地中。但是，这种盐岩序列是根据浅层高盐环境中盐岩沉积的现代类似物解释的。最近，已经研究了深盐高盐死海中的盐岩沉积，及其同时期的环境和森林地质强迫。这是适用于深度环境的最接近的现代模拟产品。因此，探索了一个高分辨率，高分辨率的现代死海盐岩层序的地层学，沉积学和岩石学。该序列是在ca期间沉积的自1980年开始现代盐岩沉积以来，湖水位下降了30 m，并将其与次年期湖水位，降水和洪水记录进行了比较。该层序的沉积学记录了浅水深度的趋势，包括个别洪水。序列基数由交替的底部生长-累积的盐岩年生对联组成，这是深层低磁水沉积的典型特征。向上层序，年couple联消失，并朝其顶部，是由具有溶蚀特征的堆积层组成的，这是浅表层浅水沉积的典型特征。与深湖底相比，浅湖底的卤石沉积速率降低了60％，这主要是由于夏季欠饱和导致沉积中心“卤石集中”。该序列的顶部包含海岸线沉积物，卤石（halite ooids）和多边形表面裂缝，表明地下暴露。这项研究显示了夏季热溶解的岩石学指示物（部分溶解的晶体），这与冬季洪水产生的区域截断表面的溶解特征不同。还观察到盐岩厚度和相的空间变化，这表明与基于质量平衡考虑而建模的盐岩单元相比，盐岩单元的厚度和空间有限得多。这些观察结果为以下方面提供了标准：（i）在整个地质记录中从岩盐序列中识别水深和湖平面趋势变浅；（ii）解释古湖泊学，水柱结构以及地层层位与相应海岸线之间的关系。这项研究显示了夏季热溶解的岩石学指示物（部分溶解的晶体），这与冬季洪水产生的区域截断表面的溶解特征不同。还观察到盐岩厚度和相的空间变化，这表明与基于质量平衡考虑而建模的盐岩单元相比，盐岩单元的厚度和空间有限得多。这些观察结果为以下方面提供了标准：（i）在整个地质记录中从岩盐序列中识别水深和湖平面趋势变浅；（ii）解释古湖泊学，水柱结构以及地层层位与相应海岸线之间的关系。这项研究显示了夏季热溶解的岩石学指示物（部分溶解的晶体），这与冬季洪水产生的区域截断表面的溶解特征不同。还观察到盐岩厚度和相的空间变化，这表明与基于质量平衡考虑而建模的盐岩单元相比，盐岩单元的厚度和空间有限得多。这些观察结果为以下方面提供了标准：（i）在整个地质记录中从岩盐序列中识别水深和湖平面趋势变浅；（ii）解释古湖泊学，水柱结构以及地层层位与相应海岸线之间的关系。这与冬季洪水产生区域截断面的溶解特征不同。还观察到盐岩厚度和相的空间变化，这表明与基于质量平衡考虑而建模的盐岩单元相比，盐岩单元的厚度和空间有限得多。这些观察结果为以下方面提供了标准：（i）在整个地质记录中从岩盐序列中识别水深和湖平面趋势变浅；（ii）解释古湖泊学，水柱结构以及地层层位与相应海岸线之间的关系。这与冬季洪水产生区域截断面的溶解特征不同。还观察到盐岩厚度和相的空间变化，这表明与基于质量平衡考虑而建模的盐岩单元相比，盐岩单元的厚度和空间有限得多。这些观察结果为以下方面提供了标准：（i）在整个地质记录中从岩盐序列中识别水深和湖平面趋势变浅；（ii）解释古湖泊学，水柱结构以及地层层位与相应海岸线之间的关系。这些观察结果为以下方面提供了标准：（i）在整个地质记录中从岩盐序列中识别水深和湖平面趋势变浅；（ii）解释古湖泊学，水柱结构以及地层层位与相应海岸线之间的关系。这些观察结果为以下方面提供了标准：（i）在整个地质记录中从岩盐序列中识别水深和湖平面趋势变浅；（ii）解释古湖泊学，水柱结构以及地层层位与相应海岸线之间的关系。