Observations during 12 January 2016 revealed a series of events of significant gravity wave (GW) activity over Europe. Analysis of derived temperatures from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) provides insight into the sources of these GWs, and include a new observation of stratosphere polar night jet (PNJ) generated GWs. Mountain waves were present during this time as well over the French Alps and the Carpathian Mountains and had maximum temperature perturbations, T′, as large as 27 K over the French Alps. Further investigation of the mountain waves that demonstrated their presence in the stratosphere was determined not only by stratospheric conditions but also by strong winds in the troposphere and at the surface. GWs generated in the stratosphere by the PNJ had maximum T′ of 7 K. These observations demonstrate multiple sources of GWs during a dynamically active period and implicate the role of the PNJ in both the vertical propagation of GWs generated in the troposphere and the generation of GWs from the PNJ itself.

中文翻译：

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2016年1月12日对欧洲平流层重力波的观测：极夜喷气机的作用

2016年1月12日的观测结果显示，欧洲发生了一系列重大重力波（GW）活动。对来自大气红外测深仪（AIRS）的派生温度的分析可以深入了解这些GW的来源，并包括对平流层极夜喷射（PNJ）产生的GW的新观测。在此期间，在法国阿尔卑斯山和喀尔巴阡山脉上也出现了山浪，并且在法国阿尔卑斯山上的最大温度扰动T '高达27K。证明平流层中存在山波的进一步研究不仅取决于平流层状况，还取决于对流层和地表的强风。PNJ在平流层中产生的GW具有最大T^ 7K。这些观察结果表明，在一个动态活跃期内，GW的多个来源，并暗示了PNJ在对流层中生成的GW的垂直传播和PNJ自身生成的GW中的作用。